More articles from Adult Brain
- The Use of Noncontrast Quantitative MRI to Detect Gadolinium-Enhancing Multiple Sclerosis Brain Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The authors evaluated 37 journal articles that included 985 patients with MS who had MR imaging in which T1-weighted postcontrast sequences were compared with noncontrast sequences obtained during the same MR imaging examination by using ROI analysis of individual MS lesions. DTI-based fractional anisotropy values were significantly different between enhancing and nonenhancing lesions, with enhancing lesions showing decreased FA. None of the other most frequently studied MR imaging biomarkers (mean diffusivity, magnetization transfer ratio, or ADC) were significantly different between enhancing and nonenhancing lesions. They conclude that noncontrast MR imaging techniques, such as DTI-based FA, can assess MS lesion acuity without gadolinium.
- Prevalence of Traumatic Findings on Routine MRI in a Large Cohort of Professional Fighters
Conventional 3T MR imaging was used to assess 499 fighters (boxers, mixed martial artists, and martial artists) and 62 controls for nonspecific WM changes, cerebral microhemorrhage, cavum septum pellucidum, and cavum vergae. Fighters had an increased prevalence of cerebral microhemorrhage (4.2% versus 0% for controls), cavum septum pellucidum (53.1% versus 17.7% for controls), and cavum vergae (14.4% versus 0% for controls). This study assessed MR imaging findings in a large cohort demonstrating a significantly increased prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum among fighters. Although cerebral microhemorrhages were higher in fighters than in controls, this finding was not statistically significant.
- Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging and Motor Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke
The authors evaluated 17 patients with stroke who underwent brain diffusional kurtosis imaging within 4 days after the onset of symptoms. Neurologic evaluation included the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Motor scale in the acute phase and 3 months poststroke. The largest percentage signal changes of the lesioned hemisphere corticospinal tract were observed with axial kurtosis, with an average 12% increase compared with the contralateral corticospinal tract. The strongest associations between the 3-month Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Motor scale score and diffusion metrics were found for the lesioned/contralateral hemisphere corticospinal tract mean kurtosis and axial kurtosis ratios. They conclude that diffusion metrics related to kurtosis were found to be more sensitive than conventional diffusivity metrics to early poststroke corticospinal tract microstructural changes.
- Differentiation of Enhancing Glioma and Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma by Texture-Based Machine Learning
The authors evaluated the diagnostic performance of a machine-learning algorithm by using texture analysis of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images for differentiation of primary central nervous system lymphoma (n=35) and enhancing glioma (n=71). The mean areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.877 for the support vector machine classifier; 0.878 for reader 1; 0.899 for reader 2; and 0.845 for reader 3. They conclude that support vector machine classification based on textural features of contrast-enhanced T1WI is noninferior to expert human evaluation in the differentiation of primary central nervous system lymphoma and enhancing glioma.