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Research ArticleHead and Neck Imaging

Evolution of Radiographic Changes of a Vascularized Pedicled Nasoseptal Flap after Endonasal Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery

J.L. Birkenbeuel, A. Abiri, T. Nguyen, B.F. Bitner, E.F. Abello, M. Vasudev, F.P.K. Hsu, E. Kuoy and E.C. Kuan
American Journal of Neuroradiology January 2023, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7768
J.L. Birkenbeuel
aFrom the Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (J.L.B., A.A., T.N., B.F.B., E.F.A., M.V., E.C.K.)
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  • ORCID record for J.L. Birkenbeuel
A. Abiri
aFrom the Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (J.L.B., A.A., T.N., B.F.B., E.F.A., M.V., E.C.K.)
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T. Nguyen
aFrom the Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (J.L.B., A.A., T.N., B.F.B., E.F.A., M.V., E.C.K.)
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B.F. Bitner
aFrom the Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (J.L.B., A.A., T.N., B.F.B., E.F.A., M.V., E.C.K.)
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E.F. Abello
aFrom the Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (J.L.B., A.A., T.N., B.F.B., E.F.A., M.V., E.C.K.)
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M. Vasudev
aFrom the Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (J.L.B., A.A., T.N., B.F.B., E.F.A., M.V., E.C.K.)
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F.P.K. Hsu
bNeurological Surgery (F.P.K.H., E.C.K.)
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E. Kuoy
cRadiology (E.K.), Division of Neuroradiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
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E.C. Kuan
aFrom the Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (J.L.B., A.A., T.N., B.F.B., E.F.A., M.V., E.C.K.)
bNeurological Surgery (F.P.K.H., E.C.K.)
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Article Figures & Data

Figures

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  • FIG 1.
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    FIG 1.

    Representative figures of no enhancement (A), weak enhancement (B), and bright enhancement (C).

  • FIG 2.
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    FIG 2.

    A, Immediate postoperative imaging following resection of an endoscopic transsellar pituitary adenoma with an intraoperative CSF leak demonstrates full coverage of sellar defect with the NSF in the shape of a C. There is elevation of the diaphragma sellae and compression of the pituitary gland. The flap pedicle and body are both brightly enhancing, with complete adherence to the skull base. B, Delayed imaging demonstrates continued enhancement of the flap with complete adherence to the skull base, as well as re-expansion of the pituitary gland and collapse of the diaphragma sellae.

  • FIG 3.
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    FIG 3.

    A, Immediate postoperative imaging following resection of an endoscopic transsellar pituitary adenoma with an intraoperative CSF leak shows full coverage of sellar defect, demonstrating that the enhancing nasoseptal flap appears to be nonadherent to the skull base. B, Delayed imaging confirms that the flap is now uniformly opposed to the skull base.

  • FIG 4.
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    FIG 4.

    A, Immediate postoperative imaging following an endoscopic unilateral transcribriform approach to an olfactory groove meningioma demonstrates that the flap extends into the defect with bright enhancement. B, Delayed imaging demonstrates mild thinning of the flap with mildly decreased enhancement. Preop indicates preoperative.

Tables

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    Table 1:

    Tumor pathology of all 68 patients

    PathologyNo. (%)
    Pituitary adenoma46 (67.6)
    Craniopharyngioma6 (8.8)
    Meningioma6 (8.8)
    Pituitary apoplexy4 (5.9)
    Clival chordoma2 (2.9)
    Esthesioneuroblastoma1 (1.5)
    Rathke cleft cyst2 (2.9)
    Vascular malformation1 (1.5)
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    Table 2:

    Changes in outcome variables between immediate and delayed postoperative MR imaging

    VariableImmediate PostopDelayed PostopP Value
    Flap enhancement, No. (%)
     None19 (28)4 (6).003a
     Weak14 (20)20 (29)
     Bright35 (52)44 (65)
    Pedicle enhancement, No. (%)
     None41 (60)30 (44).076
     Weak12 (18)23 (34)
     Bright15 (22)15 (22)
    Mean flap thickness (mm)3.8 (SD, 1.2)3.9 (SD, 1.1).181
    NSF adherence to skull base, No. (%)37 (54.4)67 (98.5)<.001a
    • Note:—Postop indicates postoperative.

    • ↵a P values <.05 are statistically significant.

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Cite this article
J.L. Birkenbeuel, A. Abiri, T. Nguyen, B.F. Bitner, E.F. Abello, M. Vasudev, F.P.K. Hsu, E. Kuoy, E.C. Kuan
Evolution of Radiographic Changes of a Vascularized Pedicled Nasoseptal Flap after Endonasal Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jan 2023, DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A7768

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Evolution of Radiographic Changes of a Vascularized Pedicled Nasoseptal Flap after Endonasal Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
J.L. Birkenbeuel, A. Abiri, T. Nguyen, B.F. Bitner, E.F. Abello, M. Vasudev, F.P.K. Hsu, E. Kuoy, E.C. Kuan
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jan 2023, DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A7768
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