PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Arakawa, H.
AU  - Murayama, Y.
AU  - Davis, C.R.
AU  - Howard, D.L.
AU  - Baumgardner, W.L.
AU  - Marks, M.P.
AU  - Do, H.M.
TI  - Endovascular Embolization of the Swine Rete Mirabile with Eudragit-E 100 Polymer
AID  - 10.3174/ajnr.A0536
DP  - 2007 Jun 01
TA  - American Journal of Neuroradiology
PG  - 1191--1196
VI  - 28
IP  - 6
4099  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/28/6/1191.short
4100  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/28/6/1191.full
SO  - Am. J. Neuroradiol.2007 Jun 01; 28
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Both adhesive and nonabrasive embolic agents are available for arteriovenous malformation (AVM) embolization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel ethanol-based nonadhesive liquid embolic material in a swine AVM model.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eudragit (copolymer of methyl and butyl methacrylate and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) was dissolved in 50% ethanol and 50% iopamidol. Eudragit was injected into 9 retia mirabilia (RMs). Ethanol and iopamidol mixture were injected into 4 RMs for comparison. Three RMs embolized with Eudragit mixture were evaluated both angiographically and histopathologically acutely (3–24 hours) and at 30 days and 90 days after embolization.RESULTS: No procedural complications from Eudragrit embolization were noted, including retention or adhesion of the microcatheter. Various degrees of inflammation were observed in the acute and 30-day specimens. Two RMs showed partial recanalization on both histopathology and follow-up angiography in the 30-day group. Arterial fibrosis and calcification were observed in the 30- and 90-day specimens. The internal elastic lamina was disrupted in the 30- and 90-day specimens, but there was no evidence of Eudragit extravasation or hemorrhage. Endothelial damage was seen in all specimens and was particularly severe in the 30- and 90-day specimens.CONCLUSION: Eudragit polymer induced inflammation in thrombosis similar to n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate, but without the disadvantages of perivascular hemorrhage and extravasation of embolization material. Although recanalization of some embolized RMs was noted, further investigation into Eudragit as a potentially useful embolic material for brain AVMs is warranted.