PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - El Khoury, R.
AU  - Misra, V.
AU  - Sharma, S.
AU  - Cox, C.S.
AU  - Walker, P.
AU  - Grotta, J.C.
AU  - Gee, A.
AU  - Suzuki, S.
AU  - Savitz, S.I.
TI  - The Effect of Transcatheter Injections on Cell Viability and Cytokine Release of Mononuclear Cells
AID  - 10.3174/ajnr.A2092
DP  - 2010 Sep 01
TA  - American Journal of Neuroradiology
PG  - 1488--1492
VI  - 31
IP  - 8
4099  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/31/8/1488.short
4100  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/31/8/1488.full
SO  - Am. J. Neuroradiol.2010 Sep 01; 31
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Several studies suggest that various types of cellular therapies enhance recovery after stroke in animal models. IA-based delivery of cells to the brain is under investigation for stroke, but it is unknown whether cells are injured as a result of being injected through a catheter or exposed to iodinated contrast medium or solutions containing heparin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed the effect of catheterization with the Excelsior SL-10 catheter or exposure to heparin or iodine contrast on human bone marrow MNCs. Viability and cell injury were assessed by trypan blue exclusion, caspase-3 activity, and lipid peroxidation. Cellular function of MNCs was assessed by their production and release of VEGF, IL-10, and IGF-1. RESULTS: Flow rates of 10 million cells from 0.5 to 2 mL/min did not alter MNC viability; however, 5 mL/min of MNCs did reduce viability by 19%. Iodine and low-dose heparin exposure did not affect cell viability; however, high-dose heparin was cytotoxic. Catheter delivery at 2 mL/min did not affect levels of VEGF, IL-10, or IGF-1. CONCLUSIONS: MNCs do not appear to be damaged by heparin, iodine contrast, and the Excelsior SL-10 catheter at flow rates up to 2 mL/min. However, higher flow rates did reduce viability, and high-dose heparin did cause cell death. Cath-HypohypoxiaDMEMDulbecco's Modified Eagle's MediumELISAenzyme-linked immunosorbent assayFDAUS Food and Drug AdministrationH.D.high doseH-HypoxMNCs not catheterized but conditionedIAintra-arterialIGF-1insulin-like growth factor 1IL-10interleukin 10L.D.low doseMNCmononuclear cellN-Cathnonconditioned MNCsN-ContMNCs not catheterizedO.D.optical densityPBSphosphate-buffered salineVEGFvascular endothelial growth factor