School-age posterior fossa and spine imaging findings in children who underwent prenatal-versus-postnatal surgery
| Imaging | Prenatal Surgery n/N (%) | Postnatal Surgery n/N (%) | RR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fourth ventricle location | <.001 | |||
| Normal | 19/66 (29) | 6/63 (10) | ||
| Low | 42/66 (64) | 35/63 (56) | ||
| At foramen magnum | 3/66 (5) | 10/63 (16) | ||
| Below foramen magnum | 2/66 (3) | 12/63 (19) | ||
| Tectal beaking | 53/66 (80) | 61/63 (97) | 0.83 (0.73–0.94) | .003 |
| Hindbrain herniation | <.001 | |||
| None | 26/66 (39) | 8/62 (13) | ||
| Mild | 23/66 (35) | 12/62 (19) | ||
| Moderate | 15/66 (23) | 26/62 (40) | ||
| Severe | 2/66 (3) | 17/62 (27) | ||
| Cerebellar herniation degree | <.001 | |||
| None | 33/66 (50) | 8/63 (13) | ||
| Mild | 22/66 (33) | 21/63 (33) | ||
| Moderate | 11/66 (17) | 20/63 (32) | ||
| Severe | 0 | 14/63 (22) | ||
| Cerebellar hypoplasia | 4/66 (6) | 9/63 (14) | 0.42 (0.14–1.31) | .12 |
| Brainstem hypoplasia | 8/66 (12) | 19/63 (30) | 0.40 (0.19–0.85) | .01 |
| Brainstem distortion | 33/66 (50) | 52/63 (83) | 0.61 (0.46–0.79) | <.001 |
| Brainstem kinking | <.001 | |||
| None | 53/66 (80) | 31/63 (49) | ||
| Mild | 11/66 (17) | 20/63 (32) | ||
| Moderate | 2/66 (3) | 11/63 (17) | ||
| Severe | 0 | 1/63 (2) | ||
| Syringomyelia | 37/63 (59) | 48/59 (81) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | .007 |
| Epidermoid cyst | 7/63 (11) | 2/58 (3) | 3.2 (0.7–14.9) | .17 |
Note:—RR indicates relative risk.