Study populations
| Group | n (M/F) | Age (SD) (yr) | Disease Duration (yr) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 20 (9/11) | 46.1 (9.3) | |
| RRMS | 11 (4/7) | 43.9 (11.5) | 12.7 (8.9) |
| SPMS | 13 (6/7) | 49.7 (5.6) | 16.5 (6.9) |
| PPMS | 8 (4/4) | 50.6 (3.6) | 11.5 (6.5) |
| All patients with MS | 32 (14/18) | 47.9 (8.2) | 13.8 (7.6) |
Note.—M indicates male; F, female; RRMS, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; SPMS, secondary progressive multiple sclerosis; PPMS, primary progressive multiple sclerosis; MS, multiple sclerosis. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis were defined by the Poser criteria (13). Primary progressive multiple sclerosis was defined by a progressive clinical worsening from onset for 12 months or more with no episode of acute neurologic exacerbation.