Endovascular repair of carotid blowout syndrome: summary of clinical data
| Age (yr)/Sex | Clinical History | Event (No.) | Pathologic Lesions | CBS Group | Treatment | Outcome/Follow-up | Complication |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 34/M | Trauma (Fig 1) | 1 | Petrous ICA Psa | I | GDCs placed in Psa | rCBS/10 mo | |
| 2 | Petrous ICA Psa | I | 4 × 8 mm AVE stent; GDCs placed through stent in Psa | DH/2 yr | |||
| 36/F | Trauma | 1 | ICA Psa | I | 4 × 9 NIR and 6 × 20 mm SMART stents | DH/1.4 yr | |
| 70/M | SCCa, ND, XRT | 1 | Direct tumor involvement of ICA/CCA | I | 8 × 40 Wallstent and 10 × 40 mm SMART stent | DH/3 mo* | |
| 74/M | Thyroid CA, ND, XRT | 1 | Direct tumor involvement of CCA | I | 10 × 30 and 10 × 40 mm SMART stents | DH/2.5 mo; deceased 1.5 yr* | |
| 72/M | SCCa, ND, XRT | 1 | CCA luminal ulcer, mild stenosis, and irregularity | II | Two 8 × 40 mm SMART stents | DH/1.5 mo* | |
| 75/M | SCCa, XRT, ND | 1 | Psa (2) proximal ICA | II | 4 × 18 and 4 × 12 mm AVE stents | rCBS/3 days | |
| 2 | Increase in size of ICA Psa | II | Attempted vein-covered Palmaz stent; 6 × 20 and 7 × 20 mm Wallstents and GDCs | DH/deceased 4 days as result of PE* | Palmaz stent placed in R EIA | ||
| 54/M | SCCa, ND, XRT, rCBS | 1 | ICA Psa | II | Gortex covered Palmaz stent (P104) | DH/3 mo | |
| 56/M | SCCa, TLa, ND, XRT, Pc | 1 | CCA/ICA luminal irregularity and small Psa; ECA superior thyroidal irregularity and Psa | III | GDCs in ECA Psa; Two 8 × 40 mm Wallstents ICA/CCA | DH/1.6 year | |
| 26/M | SCCa, XRT, ND, rCBS | 1 | ICA luminal irregularity and stenosis; 2 Psa of ECA trunk | III | 4 × 16/4 × 9 mm NIR ON Ranger stents in ICA; GDCs in ECA trunk | DH/deceased 1.5 mo* | |
| 66/F | SCCa, XRT, ND | 1 | ICA Psa | III | 8 × 20 and 8 × 60 mm Wallstents | rCBS/2 days | |
| 2 | ICA Psa | III | DPAE under flow arrest | DH/1 yr* | TIA | ||
| 46/M | SCCa, ND, Pc | 1 | ICA Psa | II | Three overlap Precise stents | rCBS/1 day | |
| 2 | ICA Psa | II | 7 × 30 mm Wallgraft | DH/1 mo* | |||
| 41/F | SCCa, TLa (Fig 2) | ECA origin Psa | II | 8 × 30 mm Wallgraft | DH/1 yr |
Note.—CBS indicates carotid blowout syndrome; M, male; F, female; SCCa, squamous cell carcinoma; ND, surgical neck dissection; XRT, radiation therapy; CA, cancer; rCBS, recurrent carotid blowout syndrome; TLa, total laryngectomy; Pc, pharyngocutaneous fistula; ICA, internal carotid artery; Psa, pseudoaneurysm; CCA, common carotid artery; ECA, external carotid artery; DH, durable hemostasis; PE, pulmonary embolus; R EIA, right external iliac artery; TIA, transient ischemia.
* Advanced head and neck cancer.