TABLE 1:

Summary of CS procedures, follow-up findings, and depiction of the stented lumen at CCCD and CE-CCCD sonography

PatientSideLocation and Type of Stent*Patency on DSACCCDCE-CCCD
1RC2, overlapped (Smart)No stenosisPartialComplete
2RC2–C3, single (Smart)No stenosisPartialComplete
3RC2–C3, single (Palmaz)No stenosisPartialComplete
4RC2–C4, single (Smart)Intimal hyperplasia§PartialPartial
5RC2–C4, single (Palmaz)No stenosisPartialComplete
6LC3, single (Palmaz)Not evaluatedPartialComplete
7LC3–C4, single (Palmaz)No stenosisCompleteComplete
8LC3–C4, single (Smart)No stenosisCompleteComplete
9RC3–C4, single (Palmaz)No stenosisCompleteComplete
10RC3–C4, single (Palmaz)No stenosisCompleteComplete
11RC3–C4, single (Palmaz)No stenosisCompleteComplete
12RC3–C5, single (Palmaz)No stenosisCompleteComplete
13RC4–C5, single (Smart)No stenosisCompleteComplete
14LC4–C5, overlapped (Palmaz, Wiktor)No stenosisPartialComplete
15LC6–T1, single (Smart)No stenosisCompleteComplete
  • * C indicates cervical vertebra; T, thoracic vertebra. Smart, Smart stent; Palmaz, Palmaz stent; Wiktor, Wiktor stent.

  • SA indicates digital subtraction angiography.

  • In six patients who had overlapped stents or a high cervical lesion, CE-CCCD was helpful for visualization of the entire stented lumen. The location of the stent was confirmed on cervical radiograph, lateral views.

  • § Asymptomatic intimal hyperplasia with luminal narrowing of approximately 50%.