Patient demographics
| Patient | Age | Sex | Treated Level(s) | Pathologic Conditions | Anatomy of Metastatic Lesion | Other Procedures | Pain Score (Before–After) | Postprocedure CT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | ||||||||
| 1* | 75 | F | L2 (Vp) | Plasmacytoma, history of breast cancer, lupus erythematosus, chronic steroid use | Posterior cortical defect | Vp, T6, T8, T9, T10 (benign compression fractures) | 9/10–2/10 | Cement confined to the lytic lesions |
| 2* | 71 | M | L1 (Vp) | Lung cancer | Epidural extension and posterior cortical defect | 9/10–3/10 | Cement confined to the lytic lesions | |
| 3 | 27 | M | T11 (Vp) | Undifferentiated testicular malignancy | Epidural extension | Vp, T12, L1 | 8/10–5/10, deceased | No postprocedure CT; no EE on plain film |
| 4* | 82 | M | L5 (Vp) | Lung squamous cell carcinoma | Posterior cortical defect and epidural extension; tumor extension into right neural foramen | 9/10–5/10 | Cement on periphery of the metastatic lesion | |
| 5 | 52 | F | T9 (Vp) | Breast cancer | Anterior cortical defect | Vp, T5, T7, T10 | 8/10–5/10 | Cement around the lytic lesions |
| 6* | 70 | M | L2 (Kp) | Colon cancer | Posterior cortical defect | 9/10–5/10, deceased | Cement confined to the lytic lesions | |
| 7* | 34 | F | T12 (Kp) | Multiple myeloma | Posterior cortical defect and epidural extension | Kp, T7,T8, T11 | Cannot tell difference | Cement confined to the lytic lesions |
| 8 | 58 | F | T12 (Kp) | Breast cancer | Posterior cortical disruption and epidural extension | Cervical, sacral, and bilateral hip metastases | 9/10–5/10, deceased | Cement confined to the lytic lesions |
| 9 | 80 | F | L4 (Kp) | Stomach & breast cancer | Epidural extension and complete absence of posterior cortex on CT | Kp, L2; Vp, L3; followed by Kp, T7, T8, T11 | 7/10–3/10 | Cement confined to the lytic lesions |
| 10 | 76 | M | L1 (Kp) | Hepatoma | Posterior cortical disruption | Kp, L3 | 10/10–5/10, deceased | Cement confirmed in normal bone anterior to the lytic lesion |
| 11* | 72 | M | L1 (Kp) | Multiple myeloma | Epidural extension; cortical defect | Vp, L2 | 6/10–2/10 | Cement confined to the lytic lesions |
| Group 2 | ||||||||
| 12 | 56 | M | L1 (Vp) | Renal cell metastasis | Paravertebral extension and lateral cortical disruption | 2 stage coblation for vertebral & paravertebral components; arterial embolization | 8/10–2/10 | Cement confined to the lytic lesions; EE through anterolateral cortex |
| 13 | 36 | F | L2 (Kp) | Cervical cancer | Anterior and posterior cortical defect; paraspinal mass extended into left L2–L3 NRB | Recurrent lesion after radiation; left L2–L3 NRB | 9/10–9/10 | Cement confined to the lytic lesions; some anterior EE |
| 14 | 66 | F | L3 (Kp right; Vp left) | Lung cancer | Posterior cortical defect; epidural extension; extension into right neural foramen | Right NRB | 10/10–0/10 | Cement confined to the lytic lesions; EE anteriorly and into right neural foramen |
| 15 | 68 | M | L5 (Kp) | Urethral cancer | Epidural extension and posterior cortical defect; extension into the right pedicle and neural foramen | S1 sacroplasty, NRB | 9/10–7/10 | Cement on periphery of lesion, extending into the right pedicle |
Note:—EE indicates extraosseous extension of cement; Group 1, bone cement confined to lytic lesions and confined to vertebral body; Group 2, bone cement with extraosseous extension outside vertebral body; Vp, vertebroplasty; Kp, kyphoplasty; NRB, nerve root block.
* Myelogram performed.