Patient demographics, fistula characteristics, angiographic follow-up, and results
| Patient No./ Age (y)/Sex | Presentation | Mechanism of Trauma | Venous Drainage | Reason Not to Use Balloon | Covered Stent (mm) | Additional Material | Angiographic Follow-Up (months) | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/23/M | Chemosis, proptosis | PHBC | Ophthalmic, petrous | No balloon available | 4 × 12 | - | 1 | Occluded fistula, asymptomatic occlusion ICA |
| 2/21/M | Chemosis, proptosis | GSW | Ophthalmic, petrous | Bony fragments | 4 × 12, 4 × 16 | - | 23.5 | Occluded fistula, preserved ICA |
| 3/21/M | Chemosis, proptosis | BHBC | Ophthalmic, petrous | No balloon available | 3.5 × 12 | Coil, 8 × 20, Histoacryl | 37.2 | Occluded fistula, preserved ICA |
| 4/39/M | Right hemiplegia | MVC | Cortical vein | Small cavernous sinus | 4 × 12 | 42 | Occluded fistula, preserved ICA | |
| 5/21/M | Chemosis, proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, blindness | BHBC | Ophthalmic, petrous | ICA transection | 4 × 12 | Bare stent, 5 × 24 | 14.9 | Occluded fistula, preserved ICA |
| 6/54/M | ASDH, chemosis, proptosis | PHBC | Ophthalmic | Stent, first choice | 4 × 9 | - | 7.2 | Occluded fistula, preserved ICA |
| 7/50/F | Chemosis, proptosis, CNP | MCC | Ophthalmic, petrous | Stent, first choice | 4 × 12 | - | 3 | Occluded fistula, preserved ICA |
Note:—CNP indicates cranial nerve palsy; ASDH, acute subdural hematoma; GSW, gunshot wound; ICA, internal carotid artery; MCC, motorcycle crash; MVC, motor vehicle crash; BHBC, bicycle hit by car; PHBC, pedestrian hit by car.