Table 1:

Summery of clinical features, history, methods, and results in 25 patients with cerebral sparganosis

Patient No./Age (y)/Sex	Imaging Modalities	History	Clinical Manifestations	Results of ELISA		Surgery^*
Patient No./Age (y)/Sex	Imaging Modalities	History	Clinical Manifestations	Serum	CSF	Worm Found
1/80/M	CT^‡, MR^§	Raw snake ingestion 40 years previously	Headache and seizures for 10 years, left hemiparesis for 2 years	+	+	Degenerated
2/45/F	CT^‡, MR^§	Uncooked frog ingestion 16 years previously	Headache, seizures, and right hemiparesis for 6 years	+	+	Live
3/53/F	CT^‡, MR^§	Uncooked frog ingestion 13 years previously	Headache, intermittent seizures, and left hemiparesis for 2 years	+	+	Degenerated
4/24/F	CT^‡, MR^§	Contaminated water drinking for 6 years	Headache and focal seizures for 7 years	+	+	Degenerated
5/9/M	CT^†, MR^§	Uncertain	Headache, intermittent seizures for 2 years	+	−	Live
6/14/M	CT^†, MR^§	Raw snake ingestion 6 years previously	Seizures and left hemiparesis for 4 years	+	+	Live
7/39/M	MR^§	Uncertain	Headache and seizures for 5 years	+	+	Degenerated
8/34/M	CT^†	Uncertain	Seizures, left hemiparesis for 8 years	+	+	Live
9/37/F	CT^†, MR^§	Flesh of frog applied to the skin wound 5 years previously	Headache and seizures for 3 years, right hemiparesis for 8 months	+	+	Degenerated
10/28/F	CT^†	Flesh of snake applied to skin wound 10 years previously	Focal seizures for 7 years, right hemiparesis for 13 months	+	−	Degenerated
11/36/F	CT^†, MR^§	Contaminated water drinking for 2 years	Headache for 3 years, right hemiparesis for 1 year	+	+	Live
12/38/M	MR^§	Contaminated water drinking 19 years previously	Generalized seizures for 6 years, right hemiparesis for 11 months	+	+	Degenerated
13/47/M	MR^§	Flesh of frog applied to abscess on back 13 years previously	Focal seizures for 8 years, right hemiparesis for 1 year	+	+	Degenerated
14/42/M	MR^§	Contaminated water drinking 20 years previously	Headache, focal seizures for 3 years	−	+	Degenerated worm found
15/83/F	MR^§	Raw frog ingestion 46 years previously	Headache for 30 years, right hemiparesis for 15 months	+	+	Degenerated
16/45/M	MR^§	Raw snake ingestion 9 years previously	Generalized seizures for 6 years	−	+	Degenerated
17/41/F	MR^§	Raw frog ingestion 17 years previously	Seizures and right hemiparesis for 7 years	+	−	Degenerated
18/43/F	MR^§	Raw snake ingestion 14 years previously	Headache, seizures for 9 months	+	+	Degenerated
19/38/M	MR^§	Raw frog ingestion 9 years previously	Headache, seizures for 4 years;	+	−	Degenerated
			left hemiparesis for 14 months	−	+	Degenerated
20/29/F	MR^§	Frog ingestion for 7 years	Seizures for 3 years	+	+	Degenerated
21/37/M	MR^§	Raw snake ingestion 11 years previously	Headache and seizures for 2 years;	+	−	Degenerated
			right hemiparesis for 15 months	+	+	Degenerated
22/48/M	MR^§	Uncooked frog ingestion 7 years previously	Headache and seizures for 3 years	+		None
23/26/F	MR^§	Uncooked snake ingestion 5 years previously	Focal seizures for 2 years	+	+	Degenerated
24/31/F	MR^§	Contaminated water drinking 11 years previously	Headache and seizures for 6 years	+	−	Degenerated
25/20/M	MR^§	Uncertain	Focal seizures for 9 months	+	+	Degenerated

Note:—ELISA indicates enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; +, positive; −, negative.
* In this study, craniotomy was performed in 18 patients and a stereotactic targeting biopsy in 7 patients.
† Unenhanced CT scanning.
‡ Unenhanced, contrast-enhanced CT scanning.
§ Unenhanced, contrast-enhanced MR scanning.