Data of patient's maximum skin dose (ESD) during neuroembolization in the literature
| Target Lesions or Procedure | No. of Patients | Average Maximum ESD, Gy | Average Total Fluoroscopic Time, min | Dosimetry | Authors | Published Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AN | 86 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 59.8 ± 33.7 | 44 points by radiosensitive indicator | This study | This study |
| AVF | 7 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 120.3 ± 67.3 | Same as above | This study | This study |
| CCF | 6 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 125.9 ± 27.3 | Same as above | This study | This study |
| AVM | 4 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 40.0 ± 8.7 | Same as above | This study | This study |
| GDC embolization with an old angiography unit | 12 | 2.2 | 56 | 5 points by TLDs | Mooney et al18 | 2006 |
| GDC embolization with a new angiography unit | 12 | 0.5 | 31 | 5 points by TLDs | Mooney et al18 | 2006 |
| AN | 143 | 1.9 | 73.8 | CareGraph | Miller et al19 | 2003 |
| AN | 4 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 44.3 ± 20.0 | 10 points by TLDs | Bergeron et al20 | 1994 |
| AVF | 9 | 3.1 ± 1.6* | 33.9 ± 33.5 | 5 points by TLDs | Kuwayama et al2 | 1994 |
| AVM | 169 | 2.0 | 91.5 | CareGraph | Miller et al19 | 2003 |
| AVM | 5 | 0.7 ± 0.5* | 59.8 ± 26.8 | 2 points by TLDs | Berthelsen et al21 | 1991 |
| AVM | 3 | 1.9 ± 2.7* | 24.7 ± 9.6 | 5 points by TLDs | Kuwayama et al2 | 1994 |
| AVM | 2 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 44.5 ± 10.6 | 10 points by TLDs | Bergeron et al20 | 1994 |
| AN, AVF, AVM | 94 | 2.1 | NA | PEMNET | O'Dea et al5 | 1999 |
| AN, AVM | 31 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 34.8 ± 12.6 | 23 points by TLDs | Kemerink et al6 | 2002 |
Note:—AN indicates cerebral aneurysm; AVF, dural arteriovenous fistula; CCF, internal carotid artery cavernous sinus fistula; AVM, arteriovenous malformation; GDC, Guglielmi detachable coil; TLD, thermoluminescent dosimeter; NA, not available; ESD, entrance skin dose.
* Dose in Sv.