Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and regional volumetry of patients with NCS and controlsa
| Patients with NCS (n = 32) | Controls (n = 32) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical features | |||
| Age (yr) | 24.1 ± 6.9 | 24.8 ± 5.2 | .655 |
| Male sex (No.) (%) | 11 (34.4) | 12 (37.5) | .794 |
| Age of onset (yr) | 20.8 ± 7.1 | ||
| Disease duration (yr) | 4.3 ± 4.7 | ||
| No. of total syncope and presyncope attacks | 38.4 ± 74.4 | ||
| Head-up tilt test findings | |||
| Baseline systolic BP (mm Hg) | 109.5 ± 12.2 | ||
| Baseline diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 62.0 ± 9.6 | ||
| Baseline mean HR (beats/min) | 67.7 ± 10.0 | ||
| Change in systolic BP (mm Hg) | −40.5 ± 15.3 | ||
| Change in diastolic BP (mm Hg) | −18.3 ± 10.1 | ||
| Change in HR (beats/min) | −33.5 ± 15.8 | ||
| Volume of structure (mm3) | |||
| R rostral anterior cingulate | 2288 ± 416.3 | 2461 ± 425.2 | .137 |
| R caudal anterior cingulate | 2386 ± 555.6 | 2488 ± 639.3 | .498 |
| R insula | 7323 ± 689.1 | 8011 ± 932.5 | .002 |
| R amygdala | 1755 ± 232.2 | 1829 ± 184.9 | .339 |
| L rostral anterior cingulate | 2791 ± 484.6 | 3141 ± 589.7 | .014 |
| L caudal anterior cingulate | 1819 ± 494.8 | 2142 ± 711.5 | .063 |
| L insula | 7234 ± 649.5 | 7657 ± 701.0 | .018 |
| L amygdala | 1770 ± 216.2 | 1816 ± 229.1 | .963 |
Note:—R indicates right; L, left.
↵a The values are presented as means. An independent t test and χ2 test were used to compare between-group differences in age and sex, respectively. MANCOVA adjusting for age,sex, and estimated total intracranial volume was performed to compare regional volumes of each structure between the groups.