Demographics and clinical characteristics for T2DM and control groupsa
| Measures | T2DM (n = 40) | Control (n = 43) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 60.5 ± 6.9 | 57.6 ± 6.6 | .08 |
| Sex (male/female)a | 24:21 | 16:30 | .09 |
| Education (yr) | 10.0 ± 3.4 | 10.2 ± 2.3 | .46 |
| Head motion (FD) (mm) | 0.09 ± 0.07 | 0.08 ± 0.05 | .35 |
| Diabetes duration (yr) | 8.9 ± 5.0 | – | – |
| Insulin treatment (No.) (%) | 8 (20) | – | – |
| HbA1c (%) (mmol/mol) | 7.8 ± 1.6 (62 ± 17.5) | 5.6 ± 0.3 (37 ± 3.3) | <.001b |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 7.8 ± 2.1 | 5.5 ± 0.4 | <.001b |
| HOMA-IR | 3.1 ± 1.9 | 2.4 ± 1.1 | .02b |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 2.7 | 23.8 ± 2.7 | .22 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 136.6 ± 14.8 | 132.7 ± 14.8 | .18 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 86.0 ± 11.1 | 86.6 ± 11.2 | .81 |
| Hypertension (No.) (%)c | 21 (53) | 12 (28) | |
| Antihypertensive treatment (No.) (%)c | 17 (43) | 8 (19) | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.5 ± 1.2 | 5.3 ± 0.9 | .46 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | .69 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | .57 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.6 | .30 |
| White matter lesions (range) | 0–6 | 0–7 | .26 |
| Lacunar infarcts (No.) (%)a | 9 | 5 | .11 |
Note:—FD indicates frame-wise displacement; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.
↵a Data are mean and number or range.
↵b P value < .05.
↵c Statistical analyses were performed by χ2 tests.