Baseline characteristics
| Local Anesthesia Only (n = 94) | CS (n = 76) | Emergency Conversion to GA (n = 25) | GA (n = 59) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean) (SD) (yr) | 74.3 (11.2) | 71.7 (12.4) | 67.8 (13.9) | 71.0 (14.1) |
| Female sex (No.) (%) | 55 (58.5%) | 36 (47.4%) | 12 (48.0%) | 31 (52.5%) |
| Hypertension (No.) (%) | 66 (70.2%) | 54 (71.1%) | 15 (60.0%) | 37 (62.7%) |
| Diabetes mellitus (No.) (%) | 15 (16.0%) | 17 (22.4%) | 4 (16.0%) | 9 (15.3%) |
| Dyslipidemia (No.) (%) | 11 (11.7%) | 13 (17.1%) | 2 (8.0%) | 11 (18.6%) |
| Atrial fibrillation (No.) (%) | 42 (44.7%) | 27 (35.5%) | 7 (28.0%) | 24 (40.7%) |
| Active smoker (No.) (%) | 11 (11.7%) | 10 (13.2%) | 2 (8.0%) | 10 (16.9%) |
| Systolic blood pressure at admission (mean) (SD) (mm Hg) | 154 (28.0) | 162 (27.9) | 166 (22.8) | 156 (33.9) |
| Pre-Stroke mRS ≥2 | 14 (14.9%) | 12 (15.8%) | 2 (8.0%) | 11 (18.6%) |
| Initial NIHSS (median) (Q1–Q3) | 15.0 (11–18) | 15.0 (11.0–18.0) | 17.0 (13.0–19.0) | 18.0 (15.0–20.5) |
| Initial ASPECTS (median) (Q1–Q3) | 8 (7–9) | 8 (6–8) | 7 (5–9) | 7 (6–8) |
| Collaterals on CTAa | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–2) |
| Initial occlusion site (No.) (%) | ||||
| Left hemisphere | 130 (51.2%) | 46 (48.9%) | 39 (51.3%) | 13 (52.0%) |
| Tandem occlusion | 11 (11.7%) | 14 (18.4%) | 3 (12.0%) | 9 (15.3%) |
| ICA (non-terminal) | 6 (6.38%) | 4 (5.26%) | 1 (4.00%) | 3 (5.08%) |
| ICA (terminal segment) | 9 (9.57%) | 18 (23.7%) | 3 (12.0%) | 15 (25.4%) |
| M1 proximal | 32 (34.0%) | 19 (25.0%) | 13 (52.0%) | 22 (37.3%) |
| M1 distal | 21 (22.3%) | 13 (17.1%) | 2 (8.00%) | 7 (11.9%) |
| M2 | 15 (16.0%) | 8 (10.5%) | 3 (12.0%) | 3 (5.08%) |
| Intravenous tPA (No.) (%) | 57 (60.6%) | 46 (60.5%) | 17 (68.0%) | 32 (54.2%) |
| Onset to admission (median) (Q1–Q3) (min)b | 176 (115–226) | 193 (124–236) | 131 (65.0–176) | 181 (139–239) |