Demographic and clinical characteristics of healthy controls and patients with MS
| Characteristics | HC | MS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Sample | MS-CP | MS-CI | ||
| No. | 18 | 80 | 55 | 25 |
| Female sex (No.) (%) | 13 (72%) | 54 (68%) | 41 (75%) | 13 (52%)a |
| Age (mean) (SD) (yr) | 48.7 (7.2) | 51.8 (8.6) | 52.7 (8.8) | 49.7 (7.9) |
| Education (mean) (SD) (yr) | 17.0 (2.9) | 15.0 (2.4)b | 15.2 (2.2) | 14.6 (2.7) |
| Disease duration (mean) (SD) (yr) | NA | 15.8 (8.9) | 15.7 (8.4) | 15.9 (9.9) |
| EDSS (mean) (SD) | NA | 4.3 (2.3) | 4.1 (2.4) | 4.6 (2.2) |
| T1 lesion load (mean) (SD) | NA | 4.0 (5.6) | 2.8 (3.3) | 6.7 (8.3)c |
| T2 lesion load (mean) (SD) | NA | 15.8 (15.8) | 11.8 (11.2) | 24.6 (20.5)c |
| Global gray matter volume (mean) (SD) | 875.9 (48.9) | 748.5 (69.6)d | 761.2 (65.9) | 720.6 (70.8)a |
| NAWM volume (mean) (SD) | 616.2 (39.9) | 510.9 (101.3)d | 540.9 (56.3) | 444.7 (141.5)e |
| Neurocognitive domain score (mean) (SD) | ||||
| Processing | −0.17 (0.74) | −0.90 (0.99)e | −0.43 (0.68) | −2.01 (0.65)f |
| Learning | 0.12 (0.73) | −0.80 (1.29)e | −0.093 (0.76) | −2.35 (0.74)f |
| Executive functioning | 0.50 (0.75) | −0.062 (1.12) | 0.30 (0.80) | −0.85 (1.32)f |
| Visual | 0.98 (0.20) | 0.55 (0.91) | 0.79 (0.86) | 0.010 (0.80)f |
| Language | −0.70 (0.84) | −0.86 (1.05) | −0.56 (0.84) | −1.53 (1.17)f |
| Average z score | 0.15 (0.41) | −0.42 (0.80)e | −0.003 (0.48) | −1.34 (0.54)f |
Note:—NA indicates not applicable; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale.
a Adjusted P < .05 (comparison within MS groups is based on cognitive impairment status).
b Adjusted P < .05 (comparison of total sample of MS patients with healthy control).
c Adjusted P < .01 (comparison within MS groups is based on cognitive impairment status).
↵d Adjusted P < .001 (comparison of total sample of MS patients with healthy control).
↵e Adjusted P < .01 (comparison of total sample of MS patients with healthy control).
↵f Adjusted P < .001 (comparison within MS groups is based on cognitive impairment status).