Demographic information and additional substance exposure

	Controls (n = 15)	Opioid-Exposed (n = 11)	P Value
Maternal age (mean) (yr)	28. 5 (SD, 4.9)	27.8 (SD, 6.1)	.73
GA (mean) (wk)	31.77 (SD, 1.68)	32.61 (SD, 2.35)	.3
Sex (% male)	80% (12/15)	54.5% (6/11)	.18
Nicotine exposure	0%	40% (4/10)^{^a}
Other illicit drug exposure^{^b}	0%	40% (4/10)^{^a}
Both	0%	20% (2/10)^{^a}

↵a One patient in the opioid-exposed group preferred not to answer these questions.
↵b Illicit drug exposure inquiries included marijuana, cocaine, amphetamine or methamphetamine, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines.