Properties of base materials used in market-approved FDs
| Primary FD Materials | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Alloy | Elastic Modulus | Elastic Limit | Market-Approved FD Examples |
| Cobalt-nickel-chromium | ∼120–240 GPaa | ∼ 0.5 to 1.5%a | PED, PED Flex, PED Shield, PED Vantage, Surpass Streamline (Stryker), Surpass Evolve2 |
| Nitinol | ∼ 40–10 GPaa | ∼ 6%–12%a | FRED, FRED Jr, FRED X, Silk, Silk+, p64, Tubridge2 |
↵a Use due consideration in applying values for modeling because the Young modulus and elastic limit (pseudoelastic for nitinol) can vary widely due to process-structure texture and strength outcomes. Bookends given here are realistic possible outcomes dependent on the supplier production path and target outcomes.