Recommended MR imaging sequences and parameters for the assessment of fetuses with suspected DMSSC
| Sequence | Plane | Imaging Parameters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Essential sequences | |||
| 3 plane scout/localizer | Axial, sagittal, coronal | — | For subsequent planning |
| T2-weighted TSE maternal pelvis | Sagittal | — | To assess the position of the fetus; reposition the coil if the fetal ROI is not in the center of the coil |
| T2-weighted SSFSE or HASTE | Axial, sagittal, coronala | 3-4 mm thickness, no intersection gaps (TR, 2000–3000 ms, TE, 150 ms), FOV 340 mm, flip angle 160° | Provides excellent anatomic detail |
| T2-weighted EPI-GRE or true FISP | Axial, sagittal, coronala | 4 mm thickness, no intersection gap (TR, 4.22 ms, TE, 1.75 ms), FOV 380 mm, flip angle 65° | Evaluation of bony and vascular structures |
| Optional sequences | |||
| T1-weighted SPGR | Sagittal, coronal | 5 mm thickness, no intersection gaps (TR, 600 ms, TE, 30 ms), FOV 340 mm | Improves spatial resolution with increasing gestational age |
| Cine imaging | Volumetric acquisition | — | Assesses fetal extremity mobility |
Note:—SPGR indicates spoiled gradient recalled‐echo.
a Acquisition of all 3 planes in T2‐weighted SSFSE (HASTE) and T2‐weighted true FISP may not be feasible if the fetus is moving excessively; and in such a scenario, the protocol can be curtailed with T2‐weighted SSFSE in axial and coronal planes (providing anatomic detail) and T2‐weighted true FISP in sagittal plane (providing assessment of osseous structures).