Schöbinger's classification of superficial AVMs14
| Grade | Description |
|---|---|
| I | Quiescent lesion, pink or blue cutaneous stain, warm lesion, AV shunt on Doppler sonography |
| II | Expansive lesion, pulsatile lesion, thrill; dilated draining veins |
| III | Grade II + necrosis, infection, hemorrhage or pain |
| IV | Grade III + cardiac failure |