Demographic and clinical characteristics of study infants
| Term (n = 12) (Mean) (SD) or (%) | ELBW (n = 39) (Mean) (SD) or (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (yr) | 23.6 (5.6) | 27.9 (4.9)a |
| GA at birth (wk) | 38.6 (1.1) | 25.6 (1.5)a |
| Birth weight (g) | 3159.8 (428.0) | 768.6 (147.6)a |
| PMA at MRI (wk) | 38.9 (1.1) | 38.4 (2.3) |
| Male | 33% | 54% |
| Race: white | 42% | 46% |
| Private or mix of private/public medical insurance | 33% | 44% |
| Maternal education: college degree or greater | 50% | 72% |
| Antenatal steroids given (full course of betamethasone) | N/A | 62% |
| Small for GA (<10th percentile) | 0% | 18%a |
| Delivery room resuscitation | ||
| Intubation at birth | N/A | 92% |
| Resuscitation drug given | N/A | 3% |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | N/A | 85% |
| Late-onset sepsis (± culture) | N/A | 67% |
| Culture proven late-onset sepsis | N/A | 28% |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | N/A | 3% |
| Major surgery (with general anesthesia) | N/A | 26% |
| Severe retinopathy of prematurity | N/A | 21% |
| White matter injury on cranial ultrasoundb | N/A | 21% |
| Abnormal conventional MRI findings at termc | N/A | 66% |
| Child's insurance status at time of follow-up | ||
| Private | 33% | 37% |
| Public medical insurance | 67% | 63% |
| Household income ≥$50,000 at follow-up | 33% | 32% |
Note:—PMA indicates postmenstrual age; N/A, not applicable.
↵a P < .05.
↵b Defined as any presence of ventriculomegaly with or without blood in the ventricles, echodense lesions in the parenchyma, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, and/or a porencephalic cyst evident on cranial ultrasound prior to 28 days of life.
↵c Defined as the presence of signal abnormalities, brain atrophy, and/or abnormal gray matter or white matter maturation for age.