Sample MR imaging protocol for suspected PHACE syndromea
Sequence | Feature Evaluated |
---|---|
Coronal and axial T2 fat-suppressed head and neck | Facial hemangioma, extent of lesion, possible hemangioma in airway |
Axial DWI brain | Acute ischemia |
Sagittal T1 or spoiled gradient-echo head and neck | Midline intracranial structures including pituitary gland, myelination |
Axial ASL head and neck | Cerebral blood flow, hemangioma |
Axial time-of-flight MRA head and neck | Arterial abnormalities |
Coronal contrast-enhanced dynamic MRA/MRV neck, if needed | Arterial abnormalities, including evaluation of the aortic arch |
Axial contrast-enhanced T1 fat-suppressed head and neck | Enhancement pattern |
Coronal contrast-enhanced T1 fat-suppressed internal auditory canals | Hemangioma in the internal auditory canals |
↵a Modified from Mamlouk et al13 with permission from Elsevier.