Visual grading scales for SVD markers and total SVD score
| MR Imaging Sequence and Visual Rating | Total SVD Scorea | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1: Hypertensive42 | Type 2: CAA33 | ||
| Classic markers | |||
| Lacune | T2WI/FLAIR | Any lacunes: 1 point | |
| WMH | FLAIR/Fazekas scale (0–3):Periventricular WMH: 0 = absent; 1 = caps or pencil-thin; 2 = smooth halo; 3 = irregular extending to deep WMDeep WMH: 0 = absent; 1 = punctate foci; 2 = beginning confluence; 3 = large confluent areas | Deep WMH (Fazekas 2 or 3) or periventricular WMH (Fazekas 3): 1 point | Deep WMH (Fazekas 2 or 3) or periventricular WMH (Fazekas 3): 1 point |
| PVS | T2WI 4-point visual rating scale:0: no PVS; 1 (mild): ≤10 PVS; 2 (moderate): 11–20 PVS; 3 (moderate to severe): 21–40 PVS; and 4 (severe): >40 PVS | >20 PVS in the basal ganglia: 1 point | >20 PVS in CSO: 1 point |
| Microbleeds | T2* GRE/SWI; several visual scores are available including MARS and BOMBS | Any microbleed: 1 point | 2–4 Cortical CMB: 1 point;≥5 cortical CMB: 2 points |
| New markers | |||
| cSS | T2* GRE/SWI, categorized as focal or disseminated | Focal cSS: 1 point; disseminated cSS: 2 points | |
| Cortical microinfarct | High-field MR imaging (>3T)3D T1WI3D DIR | ||
Note:—GRE indicates gradient recalled-echo; MARS, Microbleed Anatomical Rating Scale; BOMBS, Brain Observer MicroBleed Scales; CSO, centrum semiovale; cSS, cortical superficial siderosis; BG, basal ganglia; DIR, double inversion recovery.
↵a Type 1: Hypertensive; type 2: CAA.