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Welcome to the new AJNR, Updated Hall of Fame, and more. Read the full announcements.


AJNR is seeking candidates for the position of Associate Section Editor, AJNR Case Collection. Read the full announcement.

 

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MY CONTENT

  • Head & Neck
    Open Access
    Radiomics Study of Thyroid Ultrasound for Predicting BRAF Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Preliminary Results
    M.-r. Kwon, J.H. Shin, H. Park, H. Cho, S.Y. Hahn and K.W. Park
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2020, 41 (4) 700-705; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6505
  • FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
    Open Access
    Hippocampal Sclerosis Detection with NeuroQuant Compared with Neuroradiologists
    S. Louis, M. Morita-Sherman, S. Jones, D. Vegh, W. Bingaman, I. Blumcke, N. Obuchowski, F. Cendes and L. Jehi
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2020, 41 (4) 591-597; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6454

    The authors reviewed 144 adult patients who underwent presurgical evaluation for temporal lobe epilepsy. The reference standard for hippocampal sclerosis was defined by having hippocampal sclerosis on pathology (n=61) or not having hippocampal sclerosis on pathology (n=83). Sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values were compared between NeuroQuant analysis and visual MR imaging analysis. Visual MR imaging analysis by a neuroradiologist with expertise in epilepsy had a higher sensitivity than did NeuroQuant analysis, likely due to the inability of NeuroQuant to evaluate changes in hippocampal T2 signal or architecture. Given that there was no significant difference in specificity between NeuroQuant analysis and visual MR imaging analysis, NeuroQuant can be a valuable tool when the results are positive, particularly in centers that lack neuroradiologists with expertise in epilepsy, to help identify and refer candidates for temporal lobe epilepsy resection.

  • Adult Brain
    You have access
    Anoxic Brain Injury Detection with the Normalized Diffusion to ASL Perfusion Ratio: Implications for Blood-Brain Barrier Injury and Permeability
    N. Li, M.A. Wingfield, J.P. Nickerson, D.R. Pettersson and J.M. Pollock
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2020, 41 (4) 598-606; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6461
  • EDITOR'S CHOICEHead & Neck
    You have access
    Comparison of Enhancement of the Vestibular Perilymph between Variable and Constant Flip Angle–Delayed 3D-FLAIR Sequences in Menière Disease
    S. Nahmani, A. Vaussy, C. Hautefort, J.-P. Guichard, A. Guillonet, E. Houdart, A. Attyé and M. Eliezer
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2020, 41 (4) 706-711; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6483

    The authors compared the degree of perilymphatic enhancement and the detection rate of endolymphatic hydrops using constant and variable flip angle sequences in 16 patients with 3T MR imaging. Both for symptomatic and asymptomatic ears, the median signal intensity ratio was significantly higher with the constant flip angle than with the heavily-T2 variable flip angle. Cochlear blood-labyrinth barrier impairment was observed in 4/18 symptomatic ears with the heavily-T2 variable flip angle versus 8/19 with constant flip angle sequences. They conclude that 3D-FLAIR constant flip angle sequences provide a higher signal intensity ratio and are superior to heavily-T2 variable flip angle sequences in reliably evaluating the cochlear blood-labyrinth barrier impairment.

  • FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
    You have access
    CT Angiography in Evaluating Large-Vessel Occlusion in Acute Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke: Factors Associated with Diagnostic Error in Clinical Practice
    B.A.C.M. Fasen, R.J.J. Heijboer, F.-J.H. Hulsmans and R.M. Kwee
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2020, 41 (4) 607-611; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6469

    This study included 520 consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (49.4% men; mean age, 72 years) who underwent CTA to evaluate large-vessel occlusion of the proximal anterior circulation. CTA scans were retrospectively reviewed by a consensus panel of 2 neuroradiologists. The prevalence of large-vessel occlusion was 16% (84/520 patients); 20% (17/84) of large-vessel occlusions were missed atthe initial CTA evaluation. In multivariate analysis, non-neuroradiologists were more likely to miss large-vessel occlusion compared with neuroradiologists, and occlusions of the M2 segment were more likely to be missed compared with occlusions of the distal internal carotid artery and/or M1 segment. Calcified emboli were present in 4 of 17 (24%) initially missed or misinterpreted large-vessel occlusions.

  • FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
    You have access
    Reliability of CT Angiography in Cerebral Vasospasm: A Systematic Review of the Literature and an Inter- and Intraobserver Study
    L. Letourneau-Guillon, B. Farzin, T.E. Darsaut, M. Kotowski, F. Guilbert, M. Chagnon, A. Diouf, D. Roy, A. Weill, M. Lemus, C. Bard, M. Belair, D. Landry, L. Nico, A. Tellier, R. Jabre, C. Kauffmann and J. Raymond
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2020, 41 (4) 612-618; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6462

    In Part I of this study, articles reporting the reliability of CTA up to May 2018 were systematically searched and evaluated. In Part II, 11 raters independently graded 17 arterial segments in each of 50 patients with SAH for the presence of vasospasm using a 4-category scale. Raters were additionally asked to judge the presence of any moderate/severe vasospasm and whether findings would justify augmentation of medical treatment or conventional angiography ± balloon angioplasty. The systematic review revealed few studies with heterogeneous vasospasm definitions. In Part II, the authors found interrater reliability to be moderate at best (ϰ > 0.6), even when results were stratified according to specialty and experience. They conclude that the diagnosis of vasospasm using CTA alone was not sufficiently repeatable among observers to support its general use to guide decisions in the clinical management of patients with SAH.

  • Head & Neck
    You have access
    Involvement of the Olfactory Apparatus by Gliomas
    X. Wu, Y. Li, C.M. Glastonbury and S. Cha
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2020, 41 (4) 712-717; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6471
  • Adult Brain
    You have access
    Suspected Metallic Embolization Distal to Coiled Intracranial Aneurysms Detectable by Susceptibility-Weighted MR Imaging
    D.H. Yoo, Y.D. Cho, H.S. Lee, S.H. Kim, D. Jang, S.H. Lee, W.-S. Cho, H.-S. Kang, J.E. Kim and M.H. Han
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2020, 41 (4) 619-623; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6506
  • EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
    Open Access
    MRI Vessel Wall Imaging after Intra-Arterial Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
    A. Lindenholz, I.C. van der Schaaf, A.G. van der Kolk, H.B. van der Worp, A.A. Harteveld, L.J. Kappelle and J. Hendrikse
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2020, 41 (4) 624-631; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6460

    The authors compared vessel wall enhancement after intra-arterial thrombosuction with that in patients not treated by thrombosuction in a group of 49subjects with ischemic stroke with 7T MR imaging within 3 months after symptom onset. In the intra-arterial treatment group, 11 of 14 patients (79%) showed vessel wall enhancement compared with 17 of 35 patients without intra-arterial treatment (49%). In the intra-arterial treatment group, more enhancing foci were detected on the ipsilateral side compared with the contralateral side. They conclude that patients with intra-arterial treatment by means of thrombosuction showed more (concentric) enhancing foci of the vessel wall ipsilateral compared with contralateral to the treated artery than the patients without intra-arterial treatment, suggesting reactive changes of the vessel wall.

  • Pediatrics
    Open Access
    Advanced ADC Histogram, Perfusion, and Permeability Metrics Show an Association with Survival and Pseudoprogression in Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: A Report from the Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium
    S. Vajapeyam, D. Brown, C. Billups, Z. Patay, G. Vezina, M.S. Shiroishi, M. Law, P. Baxter, A. Onar-Thomas, J.R. Fangusaro, I.J. Dunkel and T.Y. Poussaint
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2020, 41 (4) 718-724; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6499

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