Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Percentages of different types of images showing myelination in the gray matter nuclei and white matter tracts identified in this study at <30 weeks gestational age, between 30 and 36 weeks gestational age, and between 37 and 42 weeks gestational age. CN, region of gracile and cuneate nuclei; GCF, gracile and cuneate fasciculi; VN, vestibular nuclei; Vermis, cerebellar vermis; ICP, inferior cerebellar peduncles; SCP, superior cerebellar peduncles; Dentate, dentate nucleus of the cerebellum; MLF, medial longitudinal fasciculus; MGB, medial geniculate bodies; LGB, lateral geniculate bodies; STN, subthalamic nuclei; Olives, inferior olivary nuclei; VLN, ventrolateral nuclei of the thalamus; DSCP, decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles; ML, medial lemnisci; LL, lateral lemnisci; IC, inferior colliculi; CS, corticospinal tracts of the precentral and postcentral gyri; PLIC, posterior limb of the internal capsule; CR, corona radiata; T1, T1-weighted conventional spin-echo MR images; IR, inversion recovery fast spin-echo MR images; T2, T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images.
A, Graph illustrates the percentages of T1-weighted conventional spin-echo, inversion recovery fast spin-echo, and T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images showing myelination at <30 weeks gestational age.
B, Graph illustrates the percentages of T1-weighted conventional spin-echo, inversion recovery fast spin-echo, and T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images showing myelination between 30 and 36 weeks gestational age.
C, Graph illustrates the percentages of T1-weighted conventional spin-echo, inversion recovery fast spin-echo, and T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images showing myelination between 37 and 42 weeks gestational age.
- Fig 2.
Myelin is shown in numerous gray and white matter structures in the preterm brain on T1-weighted conventional spin-echo images.
A, Transverse T1-weighted conventional spin-echo image of an infant at 28 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the gracile and cuneate fasciculi (arrow) as high signal intensity.
B, Transverse T1-weighted conventional spin-echo image of an infant at 28 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (long arrow) and in the inferior cerebellar peduncles (short arrow) as high signal intensity.
C, Transverse T1-weighted conventional spin-echo image of an infant at 28 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the cerebellar vermis (arrowhead) and in the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum (arrow) as high signal intensity.
D, Transverse T1-weighted conventional spin-echo image of an infant at 30 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the superior cerebellar peduncles (arrow) as high signal intensity.
E, Transverse T1-weighted conventional spin-echo image of an infant at 28 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the medial lemnisci as high signal intensity (arrow).
F, Transverse T1-weighted conventional spin-echo image of an infant at 28 weeks gestational age, obtained at the level of the mesencephalon, shows myelin in the lateral lemnisci (arrow) as high signal intensity.
G, Transverse T1-weighted conventional spin-echo image of an infant at 28 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles (arrow) as high signal intensity.
H, Transverse T1-weighted conventional spin-echo image of an infant at 28 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the subthalamic nuclei (arrow) as high signal intensity.
I, Transverse T1-weighted conventional spin-echo image of an infant at 28 weeks gestational age, obtained at the level of the basal ganglia, shows myelin in the ventrolateral nuclei of the thalmus (arrow) as high signal intensity.
- Fig 3.
Myelin is shown in numerous gray and white matter structures in the preterm brain on T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images.
A, Transverse T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR image of an infant at 25 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the region of the gracile and cuneate nuclei as low signal intensity (arrow).
B, Transverse T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR image of an infant at 28 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the cerebellar vermis (long arrow), dentate nucleus of the cerebellum (curved arrow), vestibular nuclei (white arrowhead), inferior olivary nuclei (black arrowhead), and inferior cerebellar peduncle (short arrow) as low signal intensity.
C, Transverse T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR image of an infant at 29 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the superior cerebellar peduncles (arrow) as low signal intensity.
D, Transverse T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR image of an infant at 30 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the medial lemnisci (arrow) as low signal intensity.
E, Transverse T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR image of an infant at 29 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the lateral lemnisci (arrow) as low signal intensity.
F, Transverse T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR image of an infant at 30 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles (arrowhead) and inferior colliculi (arrow) as low signal intensity.
G, Transverse T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR image of an infant at 29 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the subthalamic nuclei as low signal intensity (arrow).
H, Transverse T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR image of an infant at 29 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the medial geniculate bodies (arrow) as low signal intensity.
I, Transverse T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR image of an infant at 27 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the ventrolateral nuclei of the thalamus as low signal intensity (arrow).
J, Coronal T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR image of an infant at 27 weeks gestational age shows myelin in the inferior colliculi (arrow) as low signal intensity.
- Fig 4.
Myelination is shown in the sites that myelinate at term-equivalent age.
A, Transverse inversion recovery fast spin-echo image of an infant at 41 weeks gestational age, who was born at 28 weeks gestational age, shows myelin in the corticospinal tracts of the precentral and postcentral gyri as high signal intensity (arrowhead).
B, Transverse inversion recovery fast spin-echo image of an infant at 41 weeks gestational age, who was born at 28 weeks gestational age, shows myelin in the corona radiata as high signal intensity (arrow).
C, Transverse inversion recovery fast spin-echo image at the level of the basal ganglia of an infant at 42 weeks gestational age, who was born at 28 weeks gestational age, shows myelin in the posterior limb of the internal capsule as high signal intensity (arrow).
D, Transverse T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR image at the level of the mesencephalon of an infant at 36 weeks gestational age, who was born at 28 weeks gestational age, shows myelin in the medial geniculate body (long arrow), the lateral geniculate body (arrowhead), and the subthalamic nuceli (short arrow) as low signal intensity.
Tables
Pulse Sequence TR (ms) TI (ms) TE (ms) NSA Matrix Section Thickness (mm) FOV (cm) Echo Train Length Inter-echo Spacing (ms) T1 CSE 600 20 2 192 × 256 4 20 IR FSE 3695 950 30 4 256 × 256 4 20 16 16 T2 FSE 3500 208 4 256 × 256 4 20 16 16 Note.—TI indicates inversion time; NSA, number of signals acquired; FOV, field of view; T1 CSE, T1-weighted conventional spin-echo; IR FSE, inversion recovery fast spin-echo; T2 FSE, T2-weighted fast spin-echo.
- TABLE 2:
Gestational age at which myelination was first evident on T1-weighted conventional spin-echo, inversion recovery fast spin-echo, and T2-weighted fast spin-echo imaging
T1 CSE IR FSE T2 FSE Region of the gracile and cuneate nuclei 25 Gracile and cuneate fascilculi 28 Vestibular nuclei 25 Cerebellar vermis 25 25 25 Inferior cerebellar peduncle 28 30 28 Superior cerebellar peduncle 28 27 27 Dentate nucleus of the cerebellum 28 25 25 Medial longitudinal fasciculus 25 27 29 Medial geniculate bodies 28 Lateral geniculate bodies 36 Subthalamic nuclei 28 29 28 Inferior olivary nuclei 25 Ventrolateral nuclei of the thalamus 28 26 25 Decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles 27 27 27 Medial lemnisci 27 28 30 Lateral lemnisci 26 28 27 Inferior colliculi 25 Corticospinal tracts of the pre- and post-central gyri 36 36 42 Posterior limb of the internal capsule 36 36 40 Corona radiata 36 36 40
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