Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Angiographic and ultrasonographic findings of carotid arteries before (left panels) and after (right panels) CEA. Arrowheads indicate severe stenosis in the origin of the ICA. Note that the distal ICA dilated after CEA.
A, Angiographic findings before CEA.
B, TOCU findings before CEA.
C, Conventional carotid ultrasonographic findings before CEA.
D, Angiographic findings after CEA.
E, Transoral carotic ultrasonographic findings after CEA.
F, Conventional carotd ultrasonographic findings after CEA.
- Fig 2.
Diameter of the distal ICA before and after CEA is plotted. Diameter was measured intraorally at the level of the post-pharyngeal portion by using TOCU. Closed circles and error bars indicate mean ± SD.
- Fig 3.
Comparison of the percent increase in the diameter of the distal ICA as estimated by TOCU and cerebral angiography.
- Fig 4.
Relationship between degree of carotid stenosis and postoperative dilatation of the ICA. Percent increase in the diameter of the distal ICA was plotted against the grade of carotid stenosis. Grade of carotid stenosis in a cross-sectional area was estimated by conventional carotid ultrasonography. Diameter of the distal ICA was estimated by TOCU. Dotted line indicates 95% stenosis.
- Fig 5.
Relationship between preoperative diameter and postoperative dilatation of the ICA. Percent increase in the diameter of the distal ICA was plotted against the preoperative diameter of the distal ICA. Diameter of the distal ICA was estimated by TOCU. Dotted line indicates diameter of 3.0 mm.
Tables
Age (years) 67.6 ± 6.6 Male:Female (n) 17:3 Degree of stenosis (%) 74.9 ± 14.6 Symptomatic attack 19/20 (95%) Minor stroke 8/20 (40%) Transient ischemic attack 11/20 (55%) Risk factors Hypertension 16/20 (80%) Smoking 15/20 (75%) Hyperlipidemia 11/20 (55%) Diabetes mellitus 7/20 (35%) Vascular complications Ischemic heart disease 7/20 (35%) Arteriosclerosis obliterans 2/20 (10%) Note.—Values are expressed as mean ± SD. The degree of carotid stenosis was calculated using the method described by the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial group 1. Ischemic heart disease was diagnosed by myocardial scintigraphy, and arteriosclerosis obliterans was diagnosed by ankle pressure index, pulse wave, and clinical symptoms.
Preoperation Postoperation P Angiography ICA:CCA 0.51 ± 0.16 0.59 ± 0.14 <0.01 TOCU B mode Diameter (mm) 3.5 ± 0.8 3.9 ± 0.5 <0.01 Flow velocity (cm/s) Peak systolic velocity 69.2 ± 25.6 71.5 ± 20.9 NS End-diastolic velocity 23.8 ± 7.1 24.2 ± 7.1 NS Mean flow velocity 38.8 ± 12.2 40.7 ± 11.8 NS Note.—ICA indicates internal carotid artery; CCA, common carotid artery; TOCU, transoral carotid ultrasonography; NS, not significant. Values are mean ± SD. P values exceeding .05 were considered to be significant. ICA:CCA indicates the ratio of the diameter of the internal carotid artery to that of the common carotid artery. The flow velocity of the distal internal carotid artery was obtained by transoral carotid ultrasonography.
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