Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Patient 12, aneurysm 21. Example of smallest aneurysm seen in this study.
A, Midarterial phase anteroposterior projection DSA image shows a small saccular aneurysm at the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (short arrow). Note larger anterior communicating artery aneurysm (long arrow). Anterior choroidal artery aneurysm is mostly obscured by overlying internal carotid artery bifurcation (arrowhead).
B, 3D posteroanterior projection CTA image with lateral angulation shows aneurysm sac (short arrow). Anterior communicating artery (long arrow) and anterior choroidal artery (arrowhead) aneurysms are also well seen.
- Fig 2.
Patient 14, aneurysm 25. Example of DSA false negative finding due to overlapping MCA branches.
A, Right internal carotid artery injection, midarterial phase right anterior oblique projection (one of many different projections obtained) DSA image fails to show vascular abnormality at right MCA bifurcation.
B, Volume-rendered 3D direct inferosuperior projection CTA image shows a 2.7-mm aneurysm of the right MCA bifurcation with laterally projecting sac (arrow).
C, Intraoperative photograph without (top) and with (bottom) labels, with sylvian fissure retracted, shows small laterally projecting saccular aneurysm of the left MCA bifurcation (arrow) and small placoid aneurysmal dilation, not well seen on CTA images. Ant, anterior; Temp, temporal; Med, medial; Lat, lateral.
- Fig 3.
Patient 18, aneurysm 32. Example of CTA false negative (reader 1) finding.
A, Midarterial phase right anterior oblique projection DSA image shows a small pyramidal aneurysm sac projecting inferiorly from the anterior M2 division (straight arrow). Note the small anterior temporal branch arising from the neck region (curved arrow).
B, 3D lateromedial projection CTA image clearly shows the pyramidal aneurysm sac (straight arrow), along with a 0.5-mm anterior temporal branch arising from the region of the aneurysm neck (curved arrow). The aneurysm is clearly present but was overlooked during the initial reading by reader 1.
- Fig 4.
Patient 6, aneurysm 9. Example of ability of CTA to visualize small aneurysms in the setting of acute severe SAH.
A, Axial unenhanced CT scan shows extensive hyperattenuated blood in the sylvian and choroidal fissures and in the basal cisterns.
B, Midarterial phase anteroposterior projection DSA image of the left internal carotid artery shows a small saccular aneurysm at the MCA bifurcation (short arrow) and severe vasospasm of the distal M1 and proximal M2 segments (long arrows).
C, Volume-rendered 3D CTA image shows a 4.0-mm maximal diameter saccular aneurysm of the left MCA bifurcation (short arrow) and also luminal reduction compatible with severe segmental vasospasm of the distal left M1 and proximal M2 segments (long arrows).
- Fig 5.
Patient 25, aneurysm 41. Example of high correlation between DSA and 3D CTA.
A, Midarterial phase anteroposterior oblique projection DSA image of the left MCA shows a small MCA bifurcation aneurysm (arrow).
B, 3D CTA image, obtained in a projection similar to that of the DSA image shown in A, shows a 1.9-mm maximal diameter saccular aneurysm arising from the left MCA bifurcation (arrow).
- Fig 6.
Patient 19, aneurysm 33. Example of ability of 2D and 3D helical CTA to visualize intracavernous carotid aneurysms.
A, Axial view 2D multiplanar reformatted image, obtained at the level of the sella turcica, shows a 2.7-mm saccular aneurysm of the left carotico-ophthalmic region (arrow).
B, Sagittal view 2D multiplanar reformatted image shows an inferiorly projecting saccular aneurysm (arrow).
C, Volume-rendered mediolateral projection helical CTA image shows a small inferiorly projecting aneurysm sac (arrow).
D, Arterial phase lateral projection DSA image shows the small inferiorly projecting aneurysm sac shown in A–C (arrow).
- Fig 7.
Characterization of injection delay times.
Tables
Aneurysm (no.) Patient (no.) Age (y)/Sex Clinical History Aneurysm Location CTA Result Sac Size Aneurysm Characterization DSA Result Therapy AP × TR × CC (mm) Neck Size (mm) Dome/Neck C/T/AI 1 1 39/M AVM R C-O + 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 2.5 1.0 −/−/− + Follow-up 2 2 48/F Multiple a. Acom + 3.1 × 4.2 × 2.3 4.3 1.0 −/−/+ + Follow-up 3 3 45/M SAH L Acho + 3.4 × 2.6 × 3.3 2.2 1.5 −/−/− + Coil 4 3 L A2 + 2.8 × 2.0 × 2.9 3.0 1.0 −/−/− + Coil 5 3 R A1 + 3.3 × 2.6 × 4.2 2.4 1.8 −/−/− + Follow-up 6 3 L M1 + 3.2 × 3.9 × 4.0 4.1 1.0 −/−/− + Follow-up 7 4 62/F TIA L C-O + 2.4 × 2.5 × 2.6 2.6 1.0 −/−/− + Follow-up 8 5 58/F Amaurosis Bas tip + 3.4 × 2.9 × 4.0 2.4 1.7 −/−/− + Follow-up 9 6 32/M SAH L MCB + 3.0 × 3.0 × 4.0 3.0 1.3 −/−/− + Coil 10 7 58/F H/A R C-O + 2.8 × 3.3 × 2.5 3.2 1.0 −/−/+ + Follow-up 11 7 R ICAB + 3.8 × 3.1 × 3.2 2.6 1.5 −/−/− + Follow-up 12 7 L C-O + 2.3 × 3.1 × 2.4 4.1 0.8 −/−/− + Follow-up 13 7 Basilar a. + 3.5 × 3.2 × 3.9 3.3 1.2 −/−/− + Coil 14 8 47/F SAH Acom + 4.9 × 2.8 × 2.8 4.9 1.0 −/−/− − Clip 15 9 54/F AVM R S Hyp + 3.5 × 3.1 × 1.7 2.5 1.4 −/−/− + Follow-up 16 9 L S Hyp + 3.5 × 4.2 × 2.1 3.0 1.4 −/−/− + Follow-up 17 10 42/F Multiple a. L MCB + 3.8 × 3.2 × 2.3 3.3 1.2 −/−/− + Clip 18 11 71/F CNP L SICA + 3.0 × 2.8 × 2.9 2.6 1.2 −/−/− + Follow-up 19 12 51/F Blindness R Acho + 3.3 × 3.5 × 4.4 3.1 1.4 −/−/− + Clip 20 12 R C-O + 3.1 × 3.0 × 3.1 2.0 1.6 −/−/− + Clip 21 12 R SICA + 1.9 × 1.6 × 1.3 1.7 1.1 −/−/− + Clip 22 12 R Pcom + 3.3 × 2.9 × 3.2 3.0 1.1 −/−/− + Clip 23 12 Acom + 4.7 × 3.4 × 3.6 2.4 2.0 −/−/− + Clip 24 13 56/F AVF R S Hyp + 2.7 × 3.6 × 2.0 2.5 1.4 −/−/− + Follow-up 25 14 63/F SAH R MCB + 2.2 × 2.4 × 2.7 2.4 1.1 −/−/− − Clip 26 15 51/F SAH R C-O + 2.1 × 1.7 × 2.5 2.7 0.9 −/−/− + Follow-up 27 15 R C-O + 2.0 × 1.8 × 1.0 2.0 1.0 −/−/− + Follow-up 28 16 35/F SAH R SICA + 2.6 × 2.6 × 3.5 3.5 1.0 −/−/− + Clip 29 17 40/F SAH R MCB + 2.8 × 2.7 × 3.1 3.1 1.0 −/−/− + Follow-up 30 17 R MCB + 2.5 × 4.7 × 2.9 3.4 1.4 −/−/− + Follow-up 31 18 68/M SAH ACom + 3.0 × 2.8 × 3.5 2.4 1.5 −/−/− + Follow-up 32 18 R MCB − 2.2 × 2.7 × 2.3 2.3 1.2 −/−/+ + Follow-up 33 19 28/F H/A L C-O + 2.7 × 2.1 × 1.9 1.8 1.5 −/−/− + Follow-up 34 20 47/F SAH R SICA + 2.7 × 2.4 × 2.9 3.9 0.7 −/−/− + Clip 35 21 62/M Multiple a. R MCB + 4.4 × 3.2 × 4.1 4.6 1.0 −/−/− + Follow-up 36 21 R Pcom + 3.4 × 3.0 × 3.4 3.5 1.0 −/−/− + Follow-up 37 21 L Pcom + 3.0 × 2.5 × 3.2 3.7 0.9 −/−/− + Follow-up 38 22 83/F SAH R CICA − 3.9 × 2.0 × 3.3 3.5 1.1 −/−/− + Follow-up 39 23 63/F SAH R MCB + 2.2 × 3.8 × 3.6 3.6 1.1 −/−/− + Clip 40 24 79/F SAH R SICA + 2.0 × 1.6 × 1.6 2.0 1.0 −/−/− + Follow-up 41 25 74/F Multiple a. L MCB + 1.5 × 1.9 × 0.9 1.7 1.0 −/−/− + Follow-up Note.—CTA indicates CT angiography; DSA, digital subtraction angiography; AP, anteroposterior; TR, transverse; CC, craniocaudad; C, calcification; AI, arterial incorporation; AVM, arteriovenous malformation; C-O, caroticoophthalmic artery; multiple a, multiple aneurysms; Acom, anterior communicating artery; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; L, left; Acho, anterior choroidal artery; A2, second segment of the anterior cerebral artery; R, right; A1, first segment of the anterior cerebral artery; M1, first segment of the middle cerebral artery; TIA, transient ischemic attack; Bas tip, basilar tip; MCB, middle cerebral artery bifurcation; H/A, headache; ICAB, internal carotid artery bifurcation; Basilar a, basilar artery; S Hyp, superior hypophyseal artery; CNP, cranial nerve palsy; SICA, supraclinoid internal carotid artery; Pcom, posterior communicating artery; CICA, cavernous internal carotid artery.
Location Frequency Middle cerebral artery bifurcation 9 (22%) Caroticoophthalmic 8 (21%) Anterior communicating artery 5 (12%) Supraclinoid internal carotid artery 5 (12%) Superior hypophyseal artery 4 (10%) Posterior communicating artery 3 (8%) Internal carotid artery bifurcation 1 (2.5%) Anterior choroidal artery 1 (2.5%) M1 segment of middle cerebral artery 1 (2.5%) Cavernous internal carotid artery 1 (2.5%) A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery 1 (2.5%) A2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery 1 (2.5%) Basilar artery 1 (2.5%) CTA DSA and Surgery Aneurysm not present Aneurysm present Total Aneurysm not present 26 1 27 Aneurysm present 0 40 40 Total 26 41 67 Note.—95% confidence interval (* one-sided 97.5% CI), sensitivity = 40/41 = 0.98 (.871, 0.999), specificity = 26/26 = 1.0 (.868, 1.0), positive predictive value = 40/40 = 1.0 (.912, 1.0), negative predictive value = 26/27 = 0.96 (.810, 0.999), accuracy = 26 + 40/67 = 0.99 (.919, 0.999), kappa ± SD = 0.969 ± .1221.
CTA DSA and Surgery Aneurysm not present Aneurysm present Total Aneurysm not present 26 0 26 Aneurysm present 0 41 41 Total 26 41 67 Note.—97.5% confidence interval (all one-sided), sensitivity = 41/41 = 1.0 (.914, 1.0), specificity = 26/26 = 1.0 (.868, 1.0), positive predictive value = 41/41 = 1.0 (.914, 1.0), negative predictive value = 26/26 = 1.0 (.868, 1.0), accuracy = 67/67 = 1.0 (.946, 1.0), kappa ± SD = 1.0 ± .1221.
DSA CTA and Surgery Aneurysm not present Aneurysm present Total Aneurysm not present 26 2 28 Aneurysm present 0 39 39 Total 26 41 67 Note.—95% confidence interval (* = 97.5% one-sided), sensitivity = 39/41 = 0.95 (.835, 0.994), specificity = 26/26 = 1.0 (.868, 1.0), positive predictive value = 39/39 = 1.0 (.9.0, 1.0), negative predictive value = 26/28 = 0.93 (.765, .001), accuracy = 65/67 = 0.97 (.896, .996), kappa ± SD = .938 ± .1219.
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