Pattern of Atherosclerotic Carotid Stenosis in Korean Patients with Stroke: Different Involvement of Intracranial versus Extracranial Vessels

References

1. ↵
   Korea National Statistical Office. Annual report on the cause of death statistics.2000
2. ↵
   Wolf PA, D’Agostino RB. Epidemiology of stroke. In: Barnett HJM, Mohr JP, Stein BM, Yatsu FM, eds. Stroke. 3rd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone;1998 :3–28
3. Frey J, Jahnke H, Bulfinch E. Difference in stroke between white, Hispanic, and Native American patients. Stroke 1998;29:29–33

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
4. ↵
   Sacco RL, Kargman DE, Gu Q, Zamanillo MC. Race-ethnicity and determinants of intracranial atherosclerotic cerebral infarction: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Stroke 1995;26:14–20

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
5. ↵
   Feldmann E, Daneault N, Kwan E, et al. Chinese-white differences in the distribution of occlusive cerebrovascular disease. Neurology 1990;40:1541–1545

   PubMedWeb of Science
6. ↵
   Huang CY, Chan FL, Woo E, Chin D. Cerebrovascular disease in Hong Kong Chinese. Stroke 1990;21:230–235

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
7. ↵
   Kieffer SA, Takeya Y, Resch JA, Amplatz K. Racial differences in cerebrovascular disease: angiographic evaluation of Japanese and American populations. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1967;101:94–99
8. ↵
   Gorelick PB, Caplan LR, Hier DB, Parker SL, Patel D. Racial differences in the distribution of anterior circulation occlusive disease. Neurology 1984;34:54–59

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
9. ↵
   Leung S, Ng T, Yuen S, Lauder I, Ho F. Pattern of cerebral atherosclerosis in Hong Kong Chinese. Stroke 1993;24:779–786

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
10. Wong KS, Huang YN, Gao S, Lam WW, Chan YL, Kay R. Intracranial stenosis in Chinese patients with acute stroke. Neurology 1998;50:812–813

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
11. Huang YN, Gao S, Li SW, et al. Vascular lesions in Chinese patients with transient ischemic attacks. Neurology 1997;48:524–525

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
12. ↵
    Liu HM, Tu YK, Yip PK, Su CT. Evaluation of intracranial and extracranial carotid steno-occlusive diseases in Taiwan Chinese patients with MR angiography: preliminary experience. Stroke 1996;27:650–653

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
13. ↵
    Kunitz S, Gross C, Heyman A, et al. The pilot stroke data bank: definition, design, and data. Stroke 1984;15:740–746

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. ↵
    Caplan LR, Gorelick PB, Hier DB. Race, sex and occlusive cerebrovascular disease: a review. Stroke 1986;17:648–655

    FREE Full Text
15. ↵
    Holme I, Enger SC, Helgeland A, et al. Risk factors and raised atherosclerotic lesions in coronary and cerebral arteries: statistical analysis from the Oslo study. Atherosclerosis 1981;1:250–256
16. ↵
    Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. JAMA 1979;241:2035–2038

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
17. ↵
    Yasaka M, Yamaguchi T, Shichiri M. Distribution of atherosclerosis and risk factors in atherothrombotic occlusion. Stroke 1993;24:206–211

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
18. Nagao T, Sadoshima S, Ibayashi S, Takeya Y, Fujishima M. Increase in extracranial atherosclerotic carotid lesions in patients with brain ischemia in Japan: an angiographic study. Stroke 1994;25:766–770

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
19. Uehara T, et al. Frequency and clinical correlates of occlusive lesions of cerebral arteries in Japanese patients without stroke: evaluation by MR angiography. Cerebrovasc Dis 1998;8:267–272

    PubMedWeb of Science
20. ↵
    North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endartectomy in symptomatic patients with high–grade stenosis. N Engl J Med 1991;325:445–453

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
21. ↵
    Bogousslavsky J, Regli F, Van Melle G. Risk factors and concomitants of internal carotid artery occlusion or stenosis: a controlled study of 159 cases. Arch Neurol 1985;42:864–847

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
22. ↵
    Gorelick PB, Caplan LR, Hier DB, et al. Racial differences in the distribution of posterior circulation occlusive disease. Stroke 1985;16:785–790

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
23. ↵
    Norris JW, Zhu CZ. Silent stroke and carotid stenosis. Stroke 1992;23:483–485

    Abstract/FREE Full Text