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American Journal of Neuroradiology
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Research ArticlePEDIATRICS

Brain Imaging in the Unsedated Pediatric Patient: Comparison of Periodically Rotated Overlapping Parallel Lines with Enhanced Reconstruction and Single-Shot Fast Spin-Echo Sequences

Kirsten P. Forbes, James G. Pipe, John P. Karis, Victoria Farthing and Joseph E. Heiserman
American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2003, 24 (5) 794-798;
Kirsten P. Forbes
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James G. Pipe
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John P. Karis
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Victoria Farthing
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Joseph E. Heiserman
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  • Fig 1.
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    Fig 1.

    Illustration of PROP k-space data acquisition. Data are acquired in a series of rotating blades, each of which collects data from the central area of k-space. Each blade contains several phase-encode lines.

  • Fig 2.
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    Fig 2.

    Bar graph shows the mean score of the two observers in grading both PROP and SS-FSE images for visible effects of motion. Scores were as follows: 0, no motion; 1, mild motion; 2, moderate motion; and 3, severe motion. On most images, no motion effects were seen, and PROP and SS-FSE performed equally in terms of motion correction.

  • Fig 3.
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    Fig 3.

    Compensation of moderate head motion with SS-FSE and PROP FSE imaging.

    A, T1-weighted image shows the effects of head motion. Motion artifact and variable signal intensity are demonstrated across the image.

    B, SS-FSE image shows no evidence of motion artifact and enables a good assessment of ventricular size.

    C, PROP FSE image offers improved gray matter-white matter differentiation. Note that artifact overlying the right side of the skull. This was caused by a ventricular catheter and was worse on this study than on others because of a higher receiver bandwidth.

  • Fig 4.
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    Fig 4.

    Compensation of severe head motion with SS-FSE and PROP FSE imaging.

    A, T1-weighted image shows the effects of severe head motion, with notable motion artifact and image blurring.

    B, SS-FSE image shows a marked reduction in motion artifact, although the artifact remains even when a parent is holding the child’s head still.

    C, PROP FSE image also offers a substantial reduction in motion artifact, although the image still demonstrates some blurring.

  • Fig 5.
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    Fig 5.

    Visibility of pathology on SS-FSE and PROP images. Bar graph shows the impressions of the two observers regarding the images that depicted pathology most clearly. While observer 1 judged most of the images to be equal, observer 2 thought that PROP images offered an advantage.

  • Fig 6.
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    Fig 6.

    Bar graph reveals the sequences that the observers preferred. Both observers clearly preferred PROP images because of improvements in the contrast of the brain parenchyma.

  • Fig 7.
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    Fig 7.

    Improved image contrast with PROP MR imaging.

    A, SS-FSE image of the brain allows assessment of ventricular size and subarachnoid spaces, but assessment of the brain parenchyma is limited.

    B, PROP FSE image offers improved contrast, which allows a more-detailed assessment of both gray matter and white matter. This improvement allows the identification of a small focus of gray matter heterotopia in the lateral wall of the right lateral ventricle.

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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 24 (5)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 24, Issue 5
1 May 2003
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Cite this article
Kirsten P. Forbes, James G. Pipe, John P. Karis, Victoria Farthing, Joseph E. Heiserman
Brain Imaging in the Unsedated Pediatric Patient: Comparison of Periodically Rotated Overlapping Parallel Lines with Enhanced Reconstruction and Single-Shot Fast Spin-Echo Sequences
American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2003, 24 (5) 794-798;

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Brain Imaging in the Unsedated Pediatric Patient: Comparison of Periodically Rotated Overlapping Parallel Lines with Enhanced Reconstruction and Single-Shot Fast Spin-Echo Sequences
Kirsten P. Forbes, James G. Pipe, John P. Karis, Victoria Farthing, Joseph E. Heiserman
American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2003, 24 (5) 794-798;
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