Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Serum SIV load in rhesus macaque blood during acute infection. Data are from 11 animals used in postmortem examinations. Error bars = SEM.
- Fig 2.
Changes in GFAP immunostaining and in vivo Cho/Cr and MI/Cr after SIV infection. Levels of GFAP were determined by immunohistochemistry. Levels of Cho/Cr and MI/Cr are from 1H MR spectroscopic measurements previously reported (1). Peaks of all three measures were attained at 11–12 days, coincident with peak viremia. Measures then diverge, with GFAP immunostains returning to normal levels by 14 dpi (DPI), MI/Cr remaining elevated, and Cho/Cr decreasing to subnormal levels at 25–27 dpi. Error bars = SEM.
- Fig 3.
Correlation between frontal cortex GFAP immunostains and plasma viral load was significant (Spearman rank correlation coefficient Rs = 0.64, P < .05).
- Fig 4.
In vivo spectrum of control frontal cortex was obtained at 1.5 T (top) and collected with PROBE-P (11) (point-resolved [PRESS] sequence with chemical shift selective [CHESS] water suppression [12, 13], TR/TE/NEX = 3000/35/128). The animal was euthanized, a frontal cortex sample was removed, and metabolites were extracted for ex vivo high-resolution 1H MR study at 14.1 T (bottom). Gln = glutamine, Glu = glutamate, GPC = glycerophosphorylcholine, PC = phosphorylcholine, tau = taurine.
- Fig 5.
Expanded high-resolution ex vivo 1H MR spectrum of control frontal cortex extract improves delineation of the complex contributions of several water-soluble metabolites designated as MI and Cho on 1.5-T in vivo 1H MR spectra. Gln = glutamine, Glu = glutamate, GPC = glycerophosphorylcholine, PC = phosphorylcholine, s-Ino = scyllo-inositol, tau = taurine.
- Fig 6.
Comparison of Cho/Cr and MI/Cr in vivo and ex vivo in the frontal cortex after SIV infection. Time course of Cho/Cr in vivo differs from Cho/Cr ex vivo. One possible explanation is that significant changes in the macromolecular contributions to the in vivo MR spectrum occur during infection and that extraction procedure removes these. Differences between in vivo and ex vivo MI/Cr are also apparent although not as dramatic. In vivo data were previously reported (1). Error bars = SEM.
Tables
MR spectroscopic experiments
Animal Infected with SIV Sacrificed for Acute Ex Vivo Study Published in In Vivo Study* Day of In Vivo MR Spectroscopy (dpi) Day Sacrificed (dpi) 1 No Yes No 0 NA† 2 No Yes No 0 NA† 3 No Yes No 0 NA† 4 No Yes No 0 NA† 5 Yes Yes No 0, 11 12 6 Yes Yes No 0, 11 12 7 Yes Yes No 0, 11 12 8 Yes Yes Yes 0, 13 14 9 Yes Yes Yes 0, 13 14 10 Yes Yes Yes 0, 13 14 11 Yes No Yes 0, 13 293 12 Yes No Yes 0, 13 523 13 Yes No Yes 0, 11, 25 62 14 Yes No Yes 0, 11, 25 103 15 Yes No Yes 0, 11, 25 105 16 Yes No Yes 0, 11, 25 153 17 Yes No Yes 0, 11, 25 726 18 Yes Yes Yes 0, 13, 27 28 19 Yes No Yes 0, 13, 27 176 20 Yes No Yes 0, 13, 27 735 21 Yes No Yes 0, 13, 27 735 22 Yes No Yes 0, 13, 27 742 * For details on metabolic changes in the brain during acute SIV infection, see reference 1.
† NA = not applicable. Macaques 1–4 were used as controls.
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