OtherReview articles
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Fetal Brain and Spine: An Increasingly Important Tool in Prenatal Diagnosis, Part 1
O.A. Glenn and A.J. Barkovich
American Journal of Neuroradiology September 2006, 27 (8) 1604-1611;

References
- ↵
- ↵Coakley FV, Glenn O, Qayyum A, et al. Fetal MRI: A developing technique for the developing patient. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004;182:243–52
- ↵Filly RA, Goldstein RB, Callen PW. Fetal ventricle: importance in routine obstetric sonography. Radiology 1991;181:1–7
- ↵
- ↵Girard N, Raybaud C, Dercole C, et al. In vivo MRI of the fetal brain. Neuroradiology 1993;35:431–36
- Girard N, Raybaud C, Poncet M. In vivo MR study of brain maturation in normal fetuses. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995;16:407–13
- ↵Brisse H, Fallet C, Sebag G, et al. Supratentorial parenchyma in the developing fetal brain: in vitro MR study with histologic comparison. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1997;18:1491–97
- ↵Levine D, Barnes PD, Madsen JR, et al. Central nervous system abnormalities assessed with prenatal magnetic resonance imaging. Obstet Gynecol 1999;94:1011–19
- ↵Garel C, Chantrel E, Brisse H, et al. Fetal cerebral cotex: Normal gestational landmarks indentified using prenatal MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2001;22:184–89
- ↵Garel C, Chantrel E, Elmaleh M, et al. Fetal MRI: normal gestational landmarks for cerebral biometry, gyration and myelination. Child’s Nerv Syst 2003;19:422–25
- ↵Levine D, Barnes PD, Madsen JR, et al. Fetal central nervous system anomalies: MR imaging augments sonographic diagnosis. Radiology 1997;204:635–42
- ↵Simon EM, Goldstein RB, Coakley FV, et al. Fast MR imaging of fetal CNS anomalies in utero. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:1688–98
- ↵Coakley FV, Hricak H, Filly RA, et al. Complex fetal disorders: effect of MR imaging on management - preliminary clinical experience. Radiology 1999;213:691–96
- ↵Glenn O, Goldstein R, Li K, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal brain in the evaluation of sonographically suspected abnormalities of the corpus callosum. In: Proceedings of the American Society of Neuroradiology 41st Annual Meeting; Apr 26–May 2,2003; Washington, DC.
- ↵
- ↵
- Glenn O, Goldstein R, Li K, et al. Fetal MRI in the evaluation of fetuses referred for sonographically suspected abnormalities of the corpus callosum. J Ultrasound Med 2005;24:791–804
- ↵de Laveaucoupet J, Audibert F, Guis F, et al. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of ischemic brain injury. Prenat Diagn 2001;21:729–36
- ↵Whitby EH, Paley MNJ, Sprigg A, et al. Comparison of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in 100 singleton pregnancies with suspected brain abnormalities. BJOG 2004;111:784–92
- ↵Levine D, Barnes PD, Robertson RR, et al. Fast MR imaging of fetal central nervous system abnormalities. Radiology 2003;229:51–61
- ↵Baker P, Johnson I, Harvey R, et al. A three-year follow-up of children imaged in utero with echo-planar magnetic resonance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;170:32–33
- Glover P, J Hykin, Gowland PA, et al. An assessment of the intrauterine sound intensity level during obstetric echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Radiol 1995;68:1090–94
- Myers C, Duncan KR, Gowland PA, et al. Failure to detect intrauterine growth restriction following in utero exposure to MRI. Br J Radiol 1998;71:549–51
- Clements H, Duncan KR, Fielding K, et al. Infants exposed to MRI in utero have a normal paediatric assessment at 9 months of age. Br J Radiol 2000;73:190–94
- ↵Kok RD, de Vries MM, Heerschap A, et al. Absence of harmful effects of magnetic resonance exposure at 1.5T in utero during the third trimester of pregnancy: a follow-up study. Magn Reson Imaging 2004;22:851–54
- ↵Kanal E, Borgstede JP, Barkovich AJ, et al. American College of Radiology white paper on MR safety. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002;178:1335–47
- ↵Busse R, Carrillo A, Brittain J, et al. On-demand real-time imaging: interactive multislice acquisition applied to prostate and fetal imaging. In: Proceedings of the Tenth Scientific Meeting and Exhibition of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine; May 18–24,2002; Honolulu, Hawaii.
- ↵Busse R, Zaharchuk G, Glenn O. A rapid two-shot T1-measurement and its applicability to oxygen partial pressure measurements in fluid. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Scientific Meeting and Exhibition of the Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine; May 7–13,2005; Miami Beach, Fla
- ↵Gupta RK, Hasan KM, Trivedi R, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging of the developing human cerebrum. J Neurosci Res 2005;81:172–78
- ↵Scifo P, Baldoli C, Righini A, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging using SENSE in prenatal studies. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Scientific Meeting and Exhibition of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine; May 15–21,2004; Kyoto, Japan.
- ↵Fenton BW, Lin C, Macedonia C, et al. The fetus at term: in utero volume-selected proton MR spectroscopy with a breath-hold technique–a feasibility study. Radiology 2001;219:563–66
- ↵Kok RD, van den Berg PP, van den Bergh AJ, et al. Maturation of the human fetal brain as observed by 1H MR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2002;48:611–16
- ↵Heerschap A, Kok RD, and van den Berg PP. Antenatal proton MR spectroscopy of the human brain in vivo. Childs Nerv Syst 2003;19:418–21
- ↵Marin-Padilla M. Origin, formation, and prenatal maturation of the human cerebral cortex: an overview. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 1990;10:137–46
- ↵Larroche JC, Encha-Razavi F, de Vries F. Central nervous system. In: Gilbert-Barnes E, ed. Potter’s Pathology of the Fetus and Infant. St. Louis: Mosby;1997 :1028–1150
- Rakic P. Evolving concepts of cortical radial and areal specification. Progr Brain Res 2002;136:265–80
- Hatten ME. New directions in neuronal migration. Science 2002;297:1660–63.
- ↵Marin O, Rubenstein JL. Cell migration in the forebrain. Annu Rev Neurosci 2003;26:441–83
- ↵Barkovich AJ. Pediatric Neuroimaging, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;2005 .
- ↵Garel C. MRI of the Fetal Brain: Normal Development and Cerebral Pathologies. Berlin: Springer-Verlag;2004 .
- ↵Levine D, Barnes PD. Cortical maturation in normal and abnormal fetuses as assessed with prenatal MR imaging. Radiology 1999;210:751–58
- ↵Kostovic I, Judas M, Rados M, et al. Laminar organization of the human fetal cerebrum revealed by histochemical markers and magnetic resonance imaging. Cereb Cortex 2002;12:536–44
- Stazzone MM, Hubbard AM, Bilaniuk LT, et al. Ultrafast MR imaging of the normal posterior fossa in fetuses. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175:835–39
- ↵Fogliarini C, Chaumoitre K, Chapon F, et al. Assessment of cortical maturation with prenatal MRI. Part I: normal cortical maturation. Eur Radiol 2005;15:1671–85
- ↵Girard N, Raybaud C. In vivo MRI of fetal brain cellular migration. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1992;16:265–67
- ↵Sbarbati A, Pizzini F, Fabene PF, et al. Cerebral cortex three-dimensional profiling in human fetuses by magnetic resonance imaging. J Anat 2004;204:465–74
- ↵Judas M, Rados M, Jovanov-Milosevic N, et al. Structural, immunocytochemical, and MR imaging properties of periventricular crossroads of growing cortical pathways in preterm infants. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:2671–84
- ↵Chi J, Dooling E, Gilles F. Gyral development of the human brain. Ann Neurol 1977 :86–93
- ↵Ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Wesseling P, et al. Development and developmental disorders of the human cerebellum. J Neurol 2003;250:1025–36
- ↵Sotelo C. Cellular and genetic regulation of the development of the cerebellar system. Progr Neurobiol 2004;72:295–339
- ↵Cardoza JD, Goldstein RB, Filly RA. Exclusion of fetal ventriculomegaly with a single measurement: the width of the lateral ventricular atrium. Radiology 1988;169:711–14
- ↵Goldstein RB, La Pidus AS, Filly RA, et al. Mild lateral cerebral ventricular dilatation in utero: clinical significance and prognosis. Radiology 1990;176:237–42
- ↵Filly RA, Goldstein RB. The fetal ventricular atrium. Radiology 1994;193:315–17
- ↵Levine D, Trop I, Mehta T, et al. MR imaging appearance of fetal cerebral ventricular morphology. Radiology 2002;223:652–60
- ↵Cochrane DD, Myles ST, Nimrod C, et al. Intrauterine hydrocephalus and ventriculomegaly: associated abnormalities and fetal outcome. Can J Neurol Sci 1985;12:51–59
- Chervenak FA, Duncan C, Ment LR, et al. Outcome of fetal ventriculomegaly. The Lancet 1984;2(8396):179–81
- Pretorius DH, Davis K, Manco-Johnson ML, et al. Clinical course of fetal hydrocephalus: 40 cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1985;144:827–31
- ↵Nyberg DA, Mack LA, J Hirsch, et al. Fetal hydrocephalus: sonographic detection and clinical significance of associated anomalies. Radiology 1987;163:187–91
- ↵Nicolaides KH, Berry S, Snijders RJM, et al. Fetal lateral cerebral ventriculomegaly: associated malformations and chromosomal defects. Fetal Diagn Ther 1990;5:5–14
- Hudgins RJ, Edwards MS, Goldstein R, et al. Natural history of fetal ventriculomegaly. Pediatrics 1988;82:692–97
- ↵Bromley B, Frigoletto FD, Benacerraf BR. Mild fetal lateral cerebral ventriculomegaly: clinical course and outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;164:863–67
- ↵Twining P, Jaspan T, Zuccollo J. The outcome of fetal ventriculomegaly. Br J Radiol 1994;67:26–31
- Vintzileos AM, Campbell WA, Weinbaum PJ, et al. Perinatal management and outcome of fetal ventriculomegaly. Obstet Gynecol 1987;69:5–11
- ↵Gaglioti P, Danelon D, Bontempo S, et al. Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly: outcome in 176 cases. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005;25:372–77
- ↵den Hollander NS, Vinkesteijn A, Schmitz-van Splunder P, et al. Prenatally diagnosed fetal ventriculomegaly; prognosis and outcome. Prenat Diagn 1998;18:557–66
- ↵Greco P, Laforgia N, Vimercati A, et al. Mild ventriculomegaly as a counselling challenge. Fetal Diagn Ther 2001;16:398–401
- ↵Patel MD, Filly RA, Hersch DR, et al. Isolated mild fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly: clinical course and outcome. Radiology 1994;192:759–64
- ↵Pilu G, Falco P, Gabrielli S, et al. The clinical significance of fetal isolated cerebral borderline ventriculomegaly: report of 31 cases and review of the literature. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1999;14:320–26
- ↵
- ↵Gupta JK, Bryce FC, Lilford RJ. Management of apparently isolated fetal ventriculomegaly. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1994;49:716–21
- ↵Vergani P, Locatelli A, Strobelt N, et al. Clinical outcome of mild fetal ventriculomegaly. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;178:218–22
- Mahony BS, Nyberg DA, Hirsch JH, et al. Mild idiopathic lateral cerebral ventricular dilatation in utero: sonographic evaluation. Radiology 1988;169:715–21
- Drugan A, Krause B, Canady A, et al. The natural history of prenatally diagnosed cerebral ventriculomegaly. JAMA 1989;261:1785–88
- ↵Bloom SL, Bloom DD, Dellanebbia C, et al. The developmental outcome of children with antenatal mild isolated ventriculomegaly. Obstet Gynecol 1997;90:93–97
- ↵Breeze A, Dey P, Lees C, et al. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes in apparently isolated mild fetal ventriculomegaly. J Perinat Med 2005;33:236–40
- ↵D’Ercole CD, Girard N, Boubli L, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal cerebral abnormalities by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1993;50:177–84
In this issue
Advertisement
O.A. Glenn, A.J. Barkovich
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Fetal Brain and Spine: An Increasingly Important Tool in Prenatal Diagnosis, Part 1
American Journal of Neuroradiology Sep 2006, 27 (8) 1604-1611;
0 Responses
Jump to section
Related Articles
- No related articles found.
Cited By...
- Development of Gestational Age-Based Fetal Brain and Intracranial Volume Reference Norms Using Deep Learning
- Prenatal Evaluation of Intracranial Hemorrhage on Fetal MRI: A Retrospective Review
- Spinal Imaging Findings of Open Spinal Dysraphisms on Fetal and Postnatal MRI
- Brain Injury in Neonates with Complex Congenital Heart Disease: What Is the Predictive Value of MRI in the Fetal Period?
- Prevalence and Spectrum of In Utero Structural Brain Abnormalities in Fetuses with Complex Congenital Heart Disease
- Fetal surgery for neural tube defects
- High-Resolution In Utero 3D MR Imaging of Inner Ear Microstructures in Fetal Sheep
- Corpus Callosum Length by Gestational Age as Evaluated by Fetal MR Imaging
- Assessment of Sulcation of the Fetal Brain in Cases of Isolated Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum Using In Utero MR Imaging
- The role of fetal magnetic resonance imaging
- Challenges of Giant Omphalocele: From Fetal Diagnosis to Follow-up
This article has not yet been cited by articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.
More in this TOC Section
Similar Articles
Advertisement