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Research ArticleBRAIN

Lobar Distribution of Changes in Gray Matter and White Matter in Memory Clinic Patients: Detected Using Magnetization Transfer Imaging

A.C.G.M. van Es, W.M. van der Flier, F. Admiraal−Behloul, H. Olofsen, E.L.E.M. Bollen, H.A.M. Middelkoop, A.W.E. Weverling-Rijnsburger, J. van der Grond, R.G.J. Westendorp and M.A. van Buchem
American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2007, 28 (10) 1938-1942; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A0687
A.C.G.M. van Es
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W.M. van der Flier
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F. Admiraal−Behloul
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H. Olofsen
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E.L.E.M. Bollen
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H.A.M. Middelkoop
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A.W.E. Weverling-Rijnsburger
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J. van der Grond
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R.G.J. Westendorp
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M.A. van Buchem
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  • Fig 1.
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    Fig 1.

    A, Automatic segmentation process. First, the PD image is used to create an intracranial segmentation. B, The PD, T2, and FLAIR images are combined to generate segmentations of GM and WM. C, After that, the masks are coregistered to the MTI image. D, Finally, the custom template representing the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, drawn according to Zilles and Rehkämper,24 was applied (also see Fig 2).

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    Fig 2.

    3D example of the anatomic template used in this study. The boundaries between the lobes in this template were drawn according to Zilles and Rehkämper.24

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    Fig 3.

    Scatterplot of MMSE versus temporal GM peak height (Pearson r = 0.67). In a linear regression analysis with the GM and WM peak heights of all lobes, WMH volume, atrophy, age, and sex as predictors, temporal GM peak height was, along with age, the only parameter to independently predict MMSE (P < .001; β[SE] = 0.75 [.03]). This implies that if the MMSE decreases 1 point, the peak height will decrease with 0.75. ▴ indicates cognitive normal; □, MCI; ×, AD; MMSE, points scored on Mini Mental State Examination; Temporal GM Normalized Peak Height, number of voxels on the peak of the temporal GMMT histogram/total number of temporal GM voxels × 103.

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    Table 1:

    Demographic and clinical characteristics

    CharacteristicNormal Cognition (n = 43)MCI (n = 19)AD (n = 55)
    Sex (M/F)a15/285/1428/27
    Age (yr)73 (±7)77 (±6)74 (±8)
    Education (yr)11 (±4)10 (±4)10 (±4)
    MMSE28 (±2)26 (±1)18 (±5)b
    WMH vol. (mL)6.4 (±8)4.7 (±8)6.5 (±9)
    Atrophyc74.7 (±4)72.5 (±5)71.2 (±5)d
    • Note:—Data are represented as mean (±SD). vol. indicates volume.

    • a χ2 test.

    • b Differs from the group with normal cognition and MCI (P < .001).

    • c Atrophy is defined as total parenchyma volume divided by intracranial volume. Therefore, the numbers represent the percentage of intracranial volume occupied by brain parenchyma.

    • d Differs from the group with normal cognition (P < .01).

    • View popup
    Table 2:

    GM and WM peak height of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes

    LobeTissueNormal Cognition (n = 43)MCI (n = 19)AD (n = 55)a
    FrontalGM69.8 (±13.0)57.4 (±14.7)a53.2 (±11.0)
    WM161.6 (±20.0)140.3 (±28.1)a135.7 (±24.3)
    ParietalGM69.5 (±14.4)59.5 (±15.5)55.4 (±10.7)
    WM167.5 (±23.2)145.6 (±26.8)a146.2 (±24.9)
    TemporalGM82.3 (±12.8)68.8 (±11.4)a62.2 (±9.2)
    WM144.4 (±19.3)126.8 (±25.0)a126.9 (±18.0)
    OccipitalGM80.0 (±16.4)75.7 (±10.0)68.3 (±9.5)
    WM143.9 (±22.7)125.0 (±24.1)a126.9 (±18.0)
    • Note:—Data are represented as mean (± SD). The peak height of the histogram was determined as a measure of the frequency of appearance in the most common MTR value and reflects the amount of remaining normal brain tissue (×103).

    • a Differs from the group with normal cognition (P < 0.01).

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    Table 3:

    GM and WM mean MTR of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes

    LobeTissueNormal Cognition (n = 43)MCI (n = 19)AD (n = 55)
    FrontalGM27.1 (±1.9)26.0 (±2.0)25.5 (±1.9)a
    WM35.0 (±1.0)34.5 (±1.3)34.4 (±1.1)a
    ParietalGM26.9 (±2.0)26.2 (±1.7)25.7 (±1.9)a
    WM34.8 (±1.0)34.6 (±1.3)34.3 (±1.3)a
    TemporalGM29.7 (±1.4)28.9 (±1.3)27.6 (±1.5)a
    WM34.7 (±1.1)34.5 (±1.2)34.2 (±0.9)a
    OccipitalGM28.8 (±1.9)29.1 (±1.5)27.9 (±1.9)a
    WM33.8 (±0.9)33.8 (±1.1)33.4 (±1.1)
    • Note:—Data are represented as mean (± SD).

    • a Differs from the group with normal cognition (P < .01).

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Cite this article
A.C.G.M. van Es, W.M. van der Flier, F. Admiraal−Behloul, H. Olofsen, E.L.E.M. Bollen, H.A.M. Middelkoop, A.W.E. Weverling-Rijnsburger, J. van der Grond, R.G.J. Westendorp, M.A. van Buchem
Lobar Distribution of Changes in Gray Matter and White Matter in Memory Clinic Patients: Detected Using Magnetization Transfer Imaging
American Journal of Neuroradiology Nov 2007, 28 (10) 1938-1942; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A0687

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Lobar Distribution of Changes in Gray Matter and White Matter in Memory Clinic Patients: Detected Using Magnetization Transfer Imaging
A.C.G.M. van Es, W.M. van der Flier, F. Admiraal−Behloul, H. Olofsen, E.L.E.M. Bollen, H.A.M. Middelkoop, A.W.E. Weverling-Rijnsburger, J. van der Grond, R.G.J. Westendorp, M.A. van Buchem
American Journal of Neuroradiology Nov 2007, 28 (10) 1938-1942; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A0687
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