Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Scatterplots displaying the relationship between FA and age (A). FA decreases linearly with age (β = 0.010/year; 95% CI, 0.007–0.013 year; r2 = 0.371; P < .001).
B, FA and time to completion for the executive maze test. Higher FA is associated with faster completion of the maze, a relationship described by a linear trend (β = −24 seconds per 0.01 FA unit; 95% CI, 16–33 seconds per 0.01 FA; r2 = 0.274; P < .001).
- Fig 2.
A, A series of axial images at 10-mm intervals showing T-scores (in color) superimposed over a representative high-resolution anatomic magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo (MPRAGE) image in standardized MNI space. Bilateral cluster of voxels are present in the frontal and parietal lobes (sections +28 to +48 mm); in addition, significant voxels connect these regions to the anterior thalamus (sections −2 to +28 mm).
B, A series of coronal sections at 10-mm intervals showing the connection between the frontal and parietal significant voxels with the anterior thalamus (section −6 mm). Bilateral clusters of voxels represent brain regions where a significant negative association between FA and age exists. These clusters indicate regions in which FA loss is greatest in advancing age.
- Fig 3.
A, A series of axial images at 10-mm intervals showing T-scores (in color) superimposed over a representative high-resolution anatomic MPRAGE image in standardized MNI space. Bilateral cluster of voxels are present in the frontal and parietal lobes (sections +28 to +48 mm), in addition significant voxels connect these regions to the anterior thalamus (sections −2 to +28 mm).
B, A series of coronal sections at 10-mm intervals showing the connection between the frontal and parietal significant voxels with the anterior thalamus (section −6 mm). Color voxels represent regions of association between voxel FA and overall time score in an executive function task is significant.
- Fig 4.
A maximum intensity projection image displaying the age-related FA changes superimposed over the significant regions of FA associated with altered performance in executive function task. The volume of the age-FA cluster was 29.4 mL versus 49.5 mL in the executive function-FA association cluster.
Tables
Demographics 20–34 Years(n = 44) 35–73 Years (n = 43) P Age (years) 25.0 ± 4.5 51.0 ± 8.8 <.001 Male gender (%) 59.0 53.5 NS Education (years) 14.3 ± 3.5 12.9 ± 3.7 .133 Positive SPHERE (%) 25.0 9.3 NS Alcohol consumers (%) 40.0 39.5 NS Left handers (%) 15.9 11.6 NS Volumetric MRI Global GM 783 ± 88 713 ± 73 <.001 Global WM 467 ± 64 465 ± 51 .967 Global CSF 308 ± 43 326 ± 51 .051 Psychometrics Attention switching (errors) 0.61 ± 0.95 1.4 ± 1.8 .004 Executive maze (seconds) 125 ± 55 257 ± 113 <.001 Digit span (score/14) 7.3 ± 2.2 7.2 ± 1.7 .082 Reaction time (ms) 714 ± 206 717 ± 104 .926 Tapping 160 ± 38 156 ± 42 .693 Estimated IQ 104 ± 9 107 ± 7 .789 Note:—NS indicates nonsignificant; SPHERE, Somatic and Psychological Health Report; GM, gray matter; WM, white matter.
Measure Frontal Lobe FA Temporal Lobe FA† Parietal Lobe FA† Occipital Lobe FA† Raw Adjusted† Raw Adjusted† Raw Adjusted† Raw Adjusted† Age −0.61** −0.62** −0.41** −0.44** −0.56** −0.56** −0.04 −0.04 Attention switching 0.37** 0.25* 0.33** 0.23* 0.40** 0.29* 0.23* 0.23* Executive maze 0.49** 0.14 0.21* −0.04 0.47** 0.18 0.04 0.03 Digit span 0.04 −0.02 0.02 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.06 Reaction time 0.35** 0.17 0.16 0.05 0.35** 0.19 0.05 0.05 Tapping 0.22* 0.18 0.28* 0.28* 0.21 0.17 0.18 0.18 Estimated IQ −0.04 0.04 −0.10 −0.05 −0.00 0.08 −0.05 −0.05 † Adjusted for age and gender.
* p <0.01;
** p <0.001
Note:—FA indicates fractional anisotropy.
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