Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
A–D, Whole-brain MD (A) and FA (B) histograms in a patient with low (n = 2) visual score of LA (continuous line), as shown by corresponding FLAIR images (C), and in a patient with high (n = 6) visual score of LA (dashed line), as shown by corresponding FLAIR images (D).
A and B, The patient with the higher visual score shows higher 50th percentile (85.9 vs. 84.7) and lower kurtosis and skewness of the MD histogram (A) and lower 50th percentile (0.165 vs. 0.226) and higher kurtosis and skewness of the FA histogram (B) compared to the patient with lower visual score.
- Fig 2.
A–C, SPM2 “glass brain” representation showing large clusters in the corpus callosum and pericallosal white matter of significant (P < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparison by false discovery rate method) correlation between increasing MD value and scores of motor deficit (usual gait velocity in A; SPPB in B) in patients with LA. Superimposition of the same cluster demonstrated in B onto T1 template (C).
- Fig 3.
A and B, SPM2 “glass brain” representation showing small clusters in the corpus callosum of significant (P < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparison by false discovery rate method) correlation using small volume correction between decreasing FA value and scores of motor deficit (usual gait velocity in A; SPPB in B) in patients with LA.
Tables
- Table 1:
Results of the quantitative motor and neuropsychologic evaluations in 36 patients with LA
Variable Mean SD Range Normal Values SPPB 8 2.5 4–12 12* Usual gait velocity, m/s 3 1 1–4 1.2 ± 0.2† Single-leg stance time, s 15 10.8 1–41 17.2 ± 4.1† MMSE 26 3.4 17–30 ≥27 Stroop Test 57 25.3 26–158 NA Trail Making Test, s 90 49 33–225 NA Maze Task, s 9 7 2–33 NA Digit Test 13 4.3 2–22 NA Verbal Fluency Test 15 4.8 6–25 NA Note:—SPPB indicates Short Physical Performance Battery; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; LA, leukoaraiosis; NA, not available.
* From reference 26.
† From reference 8.
- Table 2:
Results of visual assessment, brain volumes, and MD and FA histogram parameters in 36 patients with LA
Variable Mean SD Range Fazekas scale 4 1.3 2–6 Normalized brain volume, mm3 1,418,885 114,852 1,135,915–1,649,413 Gray matter, mm3 678,719 177,773 430,615–1,325,915 White matter, mm3 740,166 242,657 83,385–1,106,288 Whole-brain MD, ×10−3 mm2/s 25th percentile 77.9 2.9 73.3–86.0 50th percentile 89.3 3.8 83.4–98.7 Skewness 2 0.3 1–3 Kurtosis 8 1.8 5–13 Whole-brain FA 25th percentile 0.13 0.02 0.10–0.18 50th percentile 0.21 0.02 0.16–0.26 Skewness 1 0.2 1–2 Kurtosis 5 0.8 4–7 Note:—LA indicates leukoaraiosis; MD, mean diffusivity; FA, fractional anisotropy.
- Table 3:
Spearman rank correlation (ρ) values among visual score, brain volumes, and histogram parameters in 36 patients with LA
Variable Fazekas Scale, ρ P Normalized brain volume 0.06 Gray matter 0.17 White matter −0.04 Whole-brain MD 25th percentile 0.47 .003 50th percentile 0.36 Skewness −0.30 Kurtosis −0.23 Whole-brain FA 25th percentile −0.15 50th percentile −0.27 Skewness 0.46 .003 Kurtosis 0.54 <.001 Note:—LA indicates leukoaraiosis; MD, mean diffusivity; FA, fractional anisotropy.
- Table 4:
Spearman rank correlation (ρ) values between visual score of LA, brain volumes, MD and FA histogram metrics, and motor and neuropsychologic scores
Variable SPPB Usual Gait Velocity, m/s Single-Leg Stance Time, s MMSE Stroop Test Trail-Making Test Maze Task Digit Verbal Fluency Fazekas scale −0.18 −0.15 −0.26 −0.19 0.13 0.08 0.11 −0.23 −0.28 Normalized brain volume 0.38 0.02 −0.22 −0.05 −0.09 −0.08 −0.18 0.15 −0.04 Gray matter −0.01 −0.11 −0.11 −0.10 −0.14 0.07 0.17 −0.10 0.06 White matter 0.28 0.26 −0.04 −0.02 0.02 −0.14 −0.29 0.24 −0.05 Whole-brain MD 25th percentile −0.21 −0.32 −0.48 −0.28 0.51 0.30 0.32 −0.30 −0.46 (P = .006) (P = .001) (P = .004) 50th percentile −0.15 −0.20 −0.35 −0.16 0.54 0.31 0.30 −0.31 −0.44 (P < .001) (P = .007) Skewness −0.28 0.34 0.16 0.34 −0.23 −0.42 −0.44 0.45 0.13 (P = .008) (P = .006) Kurtosis 0.24 0.25 0.16 0.35 −0.17 −0.37 −0.38 0.40 0.06 Whole-brain FA 25th percentile −0.02 −0.00 −0.01 −0.24 −0.11 −0.01 −0.17 −0.08 0.10 50th percentile 0.04 −0.10 0.09 −0.18 −0.17 −0.06 −0.09 0.01 0.17 Skewness −0.18 −0.35 −0.21 −0.15 0.26 0.14 0.18 −0.28 −0.41 Kurtosis −0.22 −0.39 −0.27 −0.21 0.32 0.18 0.21 −0.32 −0.46 (P = .005) Note:—LA indicates leukoaraiosis; MD, mean diffusivity; FA, fractional anisotropy; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; MSSE, Mini Mental State Examination.
Correlation Cluster Extent, mm3 P* t Score Z Score Coordinates (Local Maxima) Areas x y z MD, SPPB 45648 0.048 5.58 4.67 16 −24 34 Corpus callosum and pericallosal white matter MD, usual gait velocity 16536 0.043 5.14 4.37 6 14 20 Corpus callosum and pericallosal white matter FA, SPPB 824 0.019 4.09 3.65 −6 −28 20 Corpus callosum splenium FA, usual gait velocity 572 0.025 3.72 3.39 6 0 24 Corpus callosum genu Note:—MD indicates mean diffusivity; FA, fractional anisotropy; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery.
* P is false discovery rate corrected for multiple comparisons.
In this issue
Jump to section
Related Articles
Cited By...
- Change in multimodal MRI markers predicts dementia risk in cerebral small vessel disease
- Lower Magnetization Transfer Ratio in the Forceps Minor Is Associated with Poorer Gait Velocity in Older Adults
- White Matter Microstructural Damage on Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Clinical Consequences
- Widespread White Matter Alterations in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Voxelwise Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
- A quantitative systematic review of domain-specific cognitive impairment in lacunar stroke
- Diffuse Tract Damage in the Hemispheric Deep White Matter May Correlate with Global Cognitive Impairment and Callosal Atrophy in Patients with Extensive Leukoaraiosis
- Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Gait in Elderly Persons With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
- Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Cognition in the Leukoariosis and Disability in the Elderly Study