Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Characteristics of groups A and B.
- Fig 2.
Kaplan-Meier curves for probability of survival without a major complication or recurrent stroke (FU indicates follow-up). 2A, All patients with a successful intervention. 2B, Patients with failure of medical treatment (dashed line) or impaired rCBF (solid line; logrank test, P = .51).
Tables
Variable All (n = 38 Procedures in 36 Patients) Group A (n = 24 Procedures in 22 Patients) Group B (n = 14 Procedures in 14 Patients) P Value (Group A vs Group B) Age (mean ± SD) 58 ± 12 60 ± 12 55 ± 12 .26 Men, n (%) 28/36 (78) 16/22 (73) 12/14 (86) .44 Known risk factors, n (%) Arterial HTN 34/36 (94) 22/22 (100) 12/14 (86) .14 Hypercholesterolemia 25/36 (69) 16/22 (73) 9/14 (64) .72 Diabetes 14/36 (39) 8/22 (36) 6/14 (43) .74 Coronary artery disease 8/36 (22) 8/22 (36) 0/14 (0) .01 Smoking (any time) 6/36 (17) 2/22 (9) 4/14 (29) .18 Peripheral vascular disease 3/36 (8) 3/22 (14) 0/14 (0) .27 Degree of stenosis ( mean ± SD) 80 ± 14 82 ± 14 77 ± 13 .37 Location of stenosis, n (%) .175 Anterior circulation 24/38 (63) 13/24 (54) 11/14 (79) Posterior circulation 14/38 (37) 11/24 (46) 3/14 (21) Qualifying event, n (%) .50 TIA 14/38 10/24 (42) 4/14 (29) Ischemic stroke 24/38 14/24 (58) 10/14 (71) Time since event (days), median (range) 9.5 (0–201) 9 (0–117) 24 (0–201) .19 Acute intervention, n (%) 8/38 (21) 5/24 (21) 3/14 (21) 1.00 Note:—SD indicates standard deviation; HTN, hypertension; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
All Patients (n = 38 Procedures) Group A Patients (n = 24 Procedures) Group B Patients (n = 14 Procedures) P Value (Group A vs Group B) Type of intervention, n (%) .88 PTA 12/38 (32) 7/24 (29) 5/14 (36) Stent 23/38 (60) 15/24 (63) 8/14 (57) Not successful 3/38 (8) 2/24 (8) 1/14 (7) Degree of stenosis (mean ± SD) Before procedure 80 ± 14 82 ± 14 77 ± 13 .37 After procedure 24 ± 26 21 ± 25 30 ± 27 .33 Major complication, n (%) 4/38 (10.5) 2/24 (8.3) 2/14 (14.3) .62 Restenosis, n (%) 10/29 (35) 6/17 (35) 4/12 (33) 1.00 Note:—PTA indicates percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; SD, standard deviation.
No./Age/Sex Indication Lesion Site Procedure Stent Type Concomitant Medication Stenosis Pre/Post Follow-Up Modality/Duration Restenosis 1/69/M ↓ rCBF Left VA PTA − − 95/55 TCD/88 months No 2/51/F ↓ rCBF Right ICA PTA − − 85/70 TCD/72 months No 3/69/M Medical failure BA PTA − − 80/50 TCD/36 months Yes 4/61/M ↓ rCBF Right ICA Primary stenting AVE IV abciximab (bolus 20 mg) 60/0 TCD/68 months No 5a/64/M Medical failure Left MCA PTA − − 64/39 TCD/7 months (confirmed DSA) Yes 5b Medical failure PTA − IV abciximab (bolus 10 mg) 77/0 TCD/36 months (confirmed MRA, DSA) Yes 5c Medical failure Primary stenting Liberté − 90/0 TCD/3 months No 6/53/F Medical failure Left MCA PTA − − 73/68 TCD/49 months No 7/60/M ↓ rCBF Left ICA PTA & stenting INX − 83/0 TCD/45 months No 8/73/M Medical failure Right MCA Primary stenting INX IV abciximab (bolus 10 mg) 99/50 − − 9/76/M Medical failure Left ICA Primary stenting INX − 83/0 − − 10/47/F Medical failure Left MCA PTA − − 99/17 TCD/7 months (confirmed MRA) Yes 11/29/M Medical failure Left MCA PTA & stenting INX IA urokinase (0.5 MIU/1 hour) 57/0 TCD/40 months No 12/45/M ↓ rCBF Left MCA Primary stenting INX IV abciximab (bolus 10 mg) 75/50 TCD/2 months (confirmed DSA) Yes 13/59/M Medical failure BA Primary stenting INX IV abciximab (bolus 10 mg) 99/23 TCD/22 months No 14/41/M ↓ rCBF Left MCA Primary stenting Cerebrence − 74/10 TCD/25 months No 15/51/M ↓ rCBF Right ICA Primary stenting INX − 75/0 TCD/7 months (confirmed MRA) Yes 16/65/M ↓ rCBF Left ICA Primary stenting INX − 67/50 TCD/24 months Yes 17/63/M Medical failure Left ICA Primary stenting Cerebrence − 65/0 TCD/1 month No 18/69/M Medical failure Left VA Primary stenting Liberté − 99/0 TCD/28 months No 19/37/M Medical failure Right MCA Primary stenting TAXUS IV abciximab (bolus 20 mg) 90/0 TCD/2.5 months (confirmed MRA, DSA) Yes (in-stent thrombosis) 20/66/F Medical failure Left MCA Primary stenting TAXUS − 90/0 TCD/4 months No 21/57/F Medical failure Left ICA Primary stenting Liberté − 80/60 − − 22/73/F Medical failure BA n.s. − IV abciximab (bolus 5 mg) 99 − − 23/57/M Medical failure BA n.s. − IV abciximab (bolus 20 mg) 99 − − 24/72/F Medical failure Left MCA Primary stenting TAXUS − 70/0 MRA/3 months No 25/61/M Medical failure Right VA Primary stenting Liberté − 99/10 − − 26/54/M Medical failure BA Primary stenting TAXUS − 99/10 TCD/13 months No 27/63/M Medical failure BA Primary stenting Liberté IV abciximab (bolus 20 mg, infusion 7.2 mg/12 hours) IA tPA (6 mg) 82/0 TCD/1 month Yes 28/41/M ↓ rCBF Right MCA Primary stenting TAXUS − 90/0 TCD/18 months No 29/67/M ↓ rCBF Left ICA Primary stenting Liberté − 80/60 TCD/3 days (confirmed MRA) Yes (in-stent thrombosis) 30/42/M Medical failure BA PTA − − 80/60 − − 31/74/M ↓ rCBF Right MCA PTA − IV abciximab (bolus 17.5 mg, infusion 6.3 mg/12 hours) 72/30 TCD/12 months No 32/69/M Medical failure Left VA PTA − − 70/40 TCD/9 months No 33/66/M ↓ rCBF BA n.s. − IV abciximab (bolus 20 mg, infusion 7.2 mg/12 hours) 99 − − 34/41/F ↓ rCBF Right MCA PTA − − 50/25 TCD/10 months No 35/41/M ↓ rCBF BA PTA − IV abciximab (bolus 20 mg, infusion 7.2 mg/12 hours) 90/50 − − 36/66/M Medical failure BA PTA & stenting Liberté − 61/25 TCD/10 months No Note:—↓ rCBF indicates impaired regional cerebral blood flow; n.s., not successful; PTA, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; MCA, middle cerebral artery; ICA, internal carotid artery; VA, vertebral artery; BA, basilar artery; MRA, MR angiography; DSA, digital subtraction angiography; TCD, transcranial Doppler; IA, intra-arterial; IV, intravenous; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator.
All Patients (n = 33) Group A (n = 20) Group B (n = 13) P Value (Group A vs Group B) Follow-up (mos), median (range) 21 (0–72) 16 (0–49) 30 (0–72) .15 Recurrent ischemic stroke, n (%) 3 (9) 3 (15) 0 (0) .26 Recurrent TIA, n (%) 1 (3) 1 (5) 0 (0) 1.00 Primary outcome events (major complication or recurrent ischemic stroke), n (%) 7 (21.2) 5 (25.0) 2 (15.4) .68 Survival without primary outcome event .51 Probability at 1 year (SE) 0.81 (0.07) 0.79 (0.10) 0.85 (0.10) Probability at 2 years (SE) 0.77 (0.08) 0.72 (0.11) 0.85 (0.10) Note:—TIA indicates transient ischemic attack; SE, standard error.
