Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Schema of the MR imaging measurements. A, A sagittal T1-weighted inversion-recovery image shows the AC area (dotted circle and arrow) in a control subject. The corpus callosum (CC), fornix (f), and mamillary body (m) are identified. B, A coronal thin-sectional T2-weighted image shows the AC (a), the SI (i), the diagonal gyrus (d), and the ventral pallidum (v). AC (bidirectional arrow) and the SI thicknesses (arrows) are depicted. LV indicates left ventricle.
- Fig 2.
Measurement of the AC and SI thicknesses. Coronal T2-weighted fast spin-echo (TR/TE, 3000/125.4 ms; section thickness, 2 mm) MR images show the AC thickness (bidirectional arrow) in a control subject (A; AC thickness, 4.30 mm), a patient with AD (B; AC thickness, 3.01 mm), and a patient with FTLD (C; AC thickness, 2.15 mm). The arrows indicate the measured part of the thickness of the SI. Thinning of the SI is noted in the patient with AD and to a lesser degree in the patient with FTLD.
- Fig 3.
Boxplot of the AC area in patients with FTLD and AD and control subjects. The line across the box represents the median value. The box ends represent the first and third quartiles. The end points of each graph represent the smallest and largest values. The median AC area is the lowest in the FTLD group of patients compared with the patients with AD and control subjects. None of the AC cross-sectional area measurements in the FTLD group of patients reached the lowest value obtained for the control subjects.
- Fig 4.
Boxplot of the AC thickness in patients with FTLD and AD and control subjects. The line across the box represents the median value. The box ends represent the first and third quartiles. The end points of each graph represent the smallest and largest values. The median AC thickness is the lowest in the FTLD group of patients compared with the patients with AD and control subjects. Although considerable overlap of the values between the FTLD and AD groups of patients exists, none of the AC measurements in the FTLD group of patients reached the lowest value obtained for the control subjects.
- Fig 5.
Boxplot of the SI thickness in patients with FTLD and AD and control subjects. The line across the box represents the median value. The box ends represent the first and third quartiles. The end points of each graph represent the smallest and largest values. The median SI thickness tends to be lower in the AD group of patients compared with the FTLD group of patients and control subjects. Note the considerable overlap of the values between the patients with FTLD and control subjects.
Tables
FTLD (n = 7) AD (n = 20) Control (n = 16) Men/women 4:3 4:16 5:11 Age (years) 69.3 ± 6.4 70.4 ± 4.3 68.0 ± 5.3 MMSE 18.1 ± 4.4 18.5 ± 4.0 29.1 ± 0.7 CDR score 0.71 ± 0.27 0.90 ± 0.45 0.00 ± 0.00 Note:—FTLD indicates frontotemporal lobar degeneration; AD, Alzheimer disease; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating.
* Values are mean ± SD.
FTLD (n = 7) AD (n = 20) Control (n = 16) P AC area (mm2), AC thickness† (mm) 5.45 ± 1.80, 2.23 ± 0.42 8.97 ± 1.84, 2.97 ± 0.50 12.47 ± 1.42, 3.67 ± 0.48 <.001†, <.001 Average SI thickness (mm) 2.31 ± 0.17 2.17 ± 0.50 2.45 ± 0.33 .147 Right SI thickness (mm) 2.35 ± 0.19 2.11 ± 0.53 2.50 ± 0.36 .041‡ Left SI thickness (mm) 2.28 ± 0.19 2.25 ± 0.56 2.45 ± 0.37 .419 Note:—AC indicates anterior commissure; SI, substantia innominata; FTLD, frontotemporal lobe degeneration; AD, Alzheimer disease.
* Values are mean ± SD.
† P < .01 between FTLD versus AD, FTLD versus control, and AD versus control.
‡ P < .05 between AD versus control.
