Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
ROC curves to determine the optimal maximum rCBV cutoff for predicting the 2-year survival. At a critical test cutoff value of rCBV = 2.3, sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing the 2-year survival are 95% and 68%, respectively. Area under the curve is 0.829.
- Fig 2.
The relationship between maximum rCBV values and survival time in 49 patients with high-grade astrocytoma. A cutoff value of 2.3 for maximum rCBV (dotted line) was determined on the basis of an ROC analysis result to best discriminate patients with and without 2-year survival. ○ indicates surviving patients with AA; •, patients with AA who died; ▵, surviving patients with GBM; ▴, patients with GBM who died.
- Fig 3.
Kaplan-Meier survival curves for patients with GBM or AA with low rCBV (≤2.3) or high rCBV (>2.3). For patients with GBM and AA, the overall survival rate was significantly lower for patients with high rCBV (>2.3) than for those with low rCBV (≤2.3) (P = .013 and P < .001, respectively). ○ indicates surviving patients with AA; •, patients with AA who died; ▵, surviving patients with GBM; ▴, patients with GBM who died.
- Fig 4.
Transverse MR images obtained in a 71-year-old woman with anaplastic astrocytoma. A and B, T2-weighted (A) (TR/TE, 3600/96 ms) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (B) (TR/TE, 670/14 ms) images showing a heterogeneous signal-intensity lesion with slightly enhanced areas in the left basal ganglia. C, Transverse rCBV map showing intratumoral high-perfusion areas (arrow). The maximum rCBV value within the tumor is 2.4. This patient died 25 months after the initial MR imaging study.
- Fig 5.
Transverse MR images obtained in a 43-year-old woman with anaplastic astrocytoma. A and B, T2-weighted (A) (TR/TE, 3600/96 ms) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (B) (TR/TE, 670/14 ms) images showing a heterogeneous signal-intensity lesion with patchy enhanced areas in the left temporal lobe. C, Transverse rCBV map showing slight high-perfusion areas (arrow) in the medial portion of the temporal lesion. The maximum rCBV value within the tumor is 1.9. This patient survived 65 months after the initial MR imaging study.
Tables
Prognostic Factor No. of Patients (N = 49) Overall Survival* (%) P Value† Age (yr) ≤49 16 63 .011 ≥50 33 30 Sex Male 30 27 .029 Female 19 63 Histologic diagnosis AA 18 89 <.001 GBM 31 13 Neurologic function‡ Work 19 68 .002 Home or hospital 30′ 23 Mental status Normal 38 47 .019 Abnormal 11 18 Symptom duration (mo) ≤3 39 39 .567 <3 10 50 KPS score ≤80 28 21 .003 90–100 21 67 Extent of surgery Biopsy 15 27 .024 Resection 34 47 Tumor enhancement Present 36 22 <.001 Absent 13 92 rCBV ≤2.3 27 67 <.001 <2.3 2 9 Note:—AA indicates anaplastic astrocytoma; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; KPS, Karnofsky performance scale; rCBV, relative cerebral blood volume.
* Data are 2-year overall survival rates, expressed as percentages.
† P values were calculated by using the logrank test.
‡ Neurologic function sufficient to enable the patient to work or limited so that the patient is either confined to the home or hospitalized.
Prognostic Factor Hazard Ratio* (95% CI) P Value Age ≥50 years NA .814 Sex: male 2.632 (1.153–6.010) .021 Histologic diagnosis of GBM 9.707 (3.163–29.788) <.001 Neurologic function: home or hospital† NA .435 Abnormal mental status NA .228 KPS score ≤ 80 NA .150 Extent of surgery: biopsy 2.692 (1.196–6.061) .016 Tumor enhancement: present NA .726 rCBV > 2.3 4.739 (1.950–11.518) <.001 Note:—NA indicates not applicable; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; KPS, Karnofsky performance scale; rCBV, relative cerebral blood volume.
* Hazard ratio was not calculated when P ≥ .05.
† Neurologic function is limited so that the patient is either confined to the home or hospitalized.
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