Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Temporal assignment of inflow time points. A, Section of an MIP of a vessel tree (based on 4D-MRA) with 2 manually selected locations (i and j). B, In maximum slope (in AUs) versus time (in seconds) curves, the time points for the maximum slope can be determined separately for i and j, and a delay can be calculated. C, The time points of those maxima are color-coded and projected onto the complete vessel tree of the AVM in the TOF-MRA.
- Fig 2.
A and B, Determination of the PND after manual delineation of the AVM nidus in the TOF-MRA source images (A) and after the complex shape is transferred to the coregistered PASL map (B). C, Signal intensities for each piece of cake are determined in AUs in each segment beginning from the AVM nidus to the periphery. The segments outside the skull are excluded from further analysis. s indicates seconds.
- Fig 3.
PASL maps (CBF-weighted) are coregistered to TOF-MRA source images. The patients either fulfill the 20% dip criterion (A, patient 18; 3647) or do not (B, patient 13; 3136). Nevertheless, dark-blue low CBF regions (arrows) are observed in both patients, suggesting local CBF decreases, possibly as a result of a local steal. Red indicates high CBF; dark blue, low CBF.
- Fig 4.
There is a negative correlation of the perfusion ratio with the inflow ratio in a combined analysis of all affected vascular territories (R = −0.402, P = .015). The gray line represents the regression line with 95% confidence intervals (dotted lines).
Tables
No. Age Sex Nidal Volume (mL) Feeding Artery Spetzler Grade20 Cortical Location Side Symptoms ACA MCA PCA 1 55 M 40 – + + 4 Yes Temporal R SAH >6 months ago 2 33 M 300 + + + 4 Yes Parieto-occipital L Seizures + headache 3 42 M 330 – + + 5 Yes Temporo-occipital R SAH >6 months ago 4 51 M 130 + + – 3 Yes Frontal L Tinnitus left side pronounced 5 45 M 130 – – + 4 Yes Occipital L Seizures + headache 6 28 M 50 + + + 5 Yes Temporal L Seizures + stuttering 7 33 F 270 + + + 4 Yes Frontoparietal R Seizures 8 22 F 20 – + + 3 Yes Occipitotemporal R Seizures + visual field defects 9 22 M 70 – + – 3 No Temporal R Seizures 10 17 F 100 + – – 3 No Frontoparietal L Incidental 11 35 F 340 + + – 2 Yes Parietal L Seizures + dysaesthesia 12 47 M 80 – + + 3 Yes Temporal L Seizures 13 41 F 20 + + – 2 Yes Parietal L Pulsatile headache 14 51 F 40 – + – 3 No Basal ganglia L Aphasia 15 45 M 40 + – + 3 Yes Frontoparietal L+R Intraventricular hemorrhage >6 months ago 16 52 M 10 – – + 2 Yes Parapontine R SAH >6 months ago 17 31 F 30 – + – 3 Yes Frontal R Seizures 18 40 M 10 – + + 4 Yes Temporal L Seizures 19 22 M 120 – + + 1 Yes Temporoparietal L Seizures 20 19 M 60 + – + 5 No Corpus callosum L Incidental Note:—SAH indicates subarachnoid hemorrhage; R, right, L, left; –, not involved; +, involved; ACA, anterior cerebral artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; PCA, posterior cerebral artery.
- Table 2:
Perfusion ratios of affected-versus-nonaffected hemispheres for each vascular territory
Patient No. ACA MCA PCA PND (%) Visible 1 1.01 0.95 1.02 – Yes 2 1.02 0.98 0.99 – Yes 3 1.02 0.94 0.88 – Yes 4 – 1.00 1.09 – Yes 5 0.93 0.96 0.90 – Yes 6 0.98 0.93 1.00 – Yes 7 0.96 0.95 0.90 – No 8 1.03 1.00 0.89 – Yes 9 0.99 0.94 0.94 – Yes 10 0.96 0.95 0.90 49 Yes 11 1.00 1.01 0.89 – Yes 12 1.19 0.98 0.94 39 No 13 0.96 0.97 0.93 – Yes 14 0.95 0.98 0.97 52 Yes 15 0.99 0.99 0.99 – No 16 1.09 1.02 1.02 – Yes 17 1.01 1.00 0.99 – Yes 18 0.99 0.98 1.02 62 Yes 19 0.97 0.93 1.01 – Yes 20 0.98 0.92 0.82 78 Yes Note:—PND indicates perinidal dip.
Affected Hemisphere (in seconds) Contralateral Hemisphere (in seconds) Ratio Affected/ Contralateral ICA 10.8 ± 3.9 11.9 ± 4.2 0.96 ± 0.19 MCA 9.2 ± 2.5 9.5 ± 2.8 1.00 ± 0.33 ACA 10.2 ± 2.5 10.3 ± 2.7 0.94 ± 0.23 PCA 12.0 ± 5.0 12.4 ± 4.9 0.90 ± 0.16 TS 11.8 ± 3.0 11.6 ± 3.6 1.09 ± 0.94 Note:—ICA indicates internal carotid artery; TS, transverse sinus.
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