Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Statistical parametric maps of memory task versus baseline from 1-sample t tests, pre- and posttreatment. All images are in radiologic orientation and are computed at a threshold of P < .05 false discovery rate−corrected, extent threshold of 10 voxels. A, MCI group at baseline. B, MCI-donepezil group at follow-up scan demonstrates activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus as well as increased extent of activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, compared with baseline, and in both the bilateral dorso- and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex compared with the placebo group posttreatment. C, MCI-placebo group at follow-up scan does not demonstrate activation in left inferior frontal gyrus, but rather a decrease, compared with baseline, in the extent of dorsolateral prefrontal activation with relative preservation of anterior cingulate and fusiform activation.
- Fig 2.
Regions displaying a negative correlation with ADAS-Cog (P < .01, uncorrected) in all MCI patients and at baseline, with the left inferior frontal gyrus shown at the crosshairs. Images are in radiologic orientation.
- Fig 3.
A, Area of the left inferior frontal gyrus shows significant Group ×Time interaction (P < .05, corrected for false discovery rate) within regions showing significant correlation with the ADAS-Cog score (P < .01 at baseline scan). Images are in radiologic orientation. B, Bar graph shows fMRI parameter estimate of activation magnitude (± standard error). The Treatment Group × Time interaction is significant (P < .005). Post hoc t tests reveal significant differences between follow-up and baseline fMRI for the donepezil (P < .001) but not the placebo (P = .45) group. There is no significant difference between donepezil and placebo at baseline (P = .36) but a significant difference between donepezil and placebo at follow-up (P < .001). C, Scatterplot shows significant negative correlation (r = −0.55, P < .005) between the baseline fMRI parameter estimate (Betas) and the ADAS-Cog score across all subjects with MCI. Higher scores on the ADAS-Cog signify greater levels of cognitive impairment.
Tables
Characteristics of subjects*
Characteristics Overall Donepezil Placebo No. 13 6 7 Age (yr) 68 (6.9) 64.7 (6.0) 70.9 (6.7) Education (yr)† 16.2 (2.3) 17.5 (2.1) 15.1 (2.0) Scores Pre Post Pre Post MMSE‡ 28.3 (1.7) 28.3 (1.9) 29.8 (0.4) 28.3 (1.7) 28 (2.5) ADAS-Cog§ 25.0 (5.4) 23.3 (3.5) 20.6 (5.5) 26.5 (6.5) 22.8 (6.5) NYU Delayed Recall 6.7 (3.0) 7.33 (1.0) 8.0 (2.8) 6.14 (4.1) 6.7 (2.8) fMRI task (% correct) 79.1 (11.8) 77.1 (16.4) 78.0 (10) 79.1 (8.9) 86.3 (13.5) Note:—NYU indicates New York University; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; ADAS-Cog, Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale.
* All table cells list the mean and standard deviation.
† Education refers to period of formal schooling as reported by the patient.
‡ Trend (P = .09) for Treatment Group × Time interaction.
§ Significant (P < .05) main effect of time across both treatment groups.
