Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Clusters of voxels (≥ 100) with significant (P < .05) group differences in FA are shown in red-yellow as they appear in the WM skeleton shown in green. For all clusters, FA was lower in the prenatally substance-exposed children.
- Fig 2.
Group mean values and standard errors of the mean in the 10 identified clusters for FA, DA, and DR in substance-exposed and control children.
Tables
Characteristics Exposed Group (7 F/ 7 M) Control Group (5 F/ 9 M) Mean SD Range Mean SD Range Age at scanninga 11.3 1.7 8.6–13.9 9.8 0.3 9.0–10.2 Birth weight (g)a 2999 680 2015–4300 3864 426 3100–4615 Birth length (cm)a,b 47.6 3.0 44–52 51.5 1.4 49–54 Birth head circumferencea 34.1 2.0 31.0–37.0 36.1 1.1 34.0–38.0 Gestational age (weeks)a 38.1 2.7 31–40 40.7 1.1 39–42 Abstinences at birthc 2.1 1.1 0–3 – – – SES 3.9 0.7 2.5–5.0 4.1 0.9 2.5–5.0 McCarthy GCI, 4 years 108.4 15.3 87–136 116.1 9.4 100–128 McCarthy PPS,a 4 years 50.9 9.3 39–64 62.9 8.4 49–78 WISC-R IQ,a,d 9 years 98.9 9.8 84–117 114.4 14.9 93–145 FFDa,e 27.6 4.8 17–34 34.9 4.9 24–40 a Significant differences across groups (1-way ANOVA).
b Obtained for 12 substance-exposed children and 13 controls.
c At a rating scale where 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe.
d WISC-R scores were obtained for 13 substance-exposed children and all controls. As seen, the scores of the exposed children are close to population mean. These scores are based on norms from 1974, and the normed scores here are likely elevated compared with present norms. The same is true for the McCarthy scores, which are based on norms from 1973.
e From the WISC-R.
- Table 2:
Results for group differences in FA, DA, and DR from a GLM analysis, with age and gender entered as covariates
Cluster FA DA DR F PValue F PValue F PValue A) R occipital/lingual gyrus (ILF/Fmaj) 14.648 .001 9.168 .006 14.141 .001 B) L deep temporal (ILF) 22.878 .000 6.545 .017 17.704 .000 C) R deep temporal (ILF) 16.351 .000 5.480 .028 9.974 .004 D) L lateral occipital/angular 19.558 .000 13.898 .001 11.170 .003 E) L inferior temporal gyrus (SLF) 19.275 .000 .559 .462 17.117 .000 F) R occipital fusiform temporal gyrus (ILF) 14.092 .001 6.296 .019 4.164 .052 G) L middle temporal gyrus (ILF/UF) 18.849 .000 .793 .382 13.493 .001 H) R postcentral/supramarginal gyrus 15.210 .001 6.604 .017 7.944 .010 I) L projection from splenium CC (Fmaj) 19.797 .000 .129 .723 13.230 .001 J) R frontal pole (Fmin) 17.104 .000 2.045 .166 7.486 .012
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