Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Assessed by Perfusion CT Predicts Symptomatic Hemorrhagic Transformation and Malignant Edema in Acute Ischemic Stroke

References

1. 1.↵
   Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous t-PA therapy for ischemic stroke: the NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group. Stroke 1997;28:2109–18

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
2. 2.↵
   1. Hacke W,
   2. Kaste M,
   3. Bluhmki E,
   4. et al

   . Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1317–29

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
3. 3.↵
   1. Wolpert SM,
   2. Bruckmann H,
   3. Greenlee R,
   4. et al

   . Neuroradiologic evaluation of patients with acute stroke treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator: the rt-PA Acute Stroke Study Group. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1993;14:3–13

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
4. 4.↵
   1. Hacke W,
   2. Kaste M,
   3. Fieschi C,
   4. et al

   . Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thrombolytic therapy with intravenous alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke (ECASS II): Second European-Australasian Acute Stroke Study Investigators. Lancet 1998;352:1245–51

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. 5.↵
   1. Hacke W,
   2. Kaste M,
   3. Fieschi C,
   4. et al

   . Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke: The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS). JAMA 1995;274:1017–25

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
6. 6.↵
   1. Berger C,
   2. Fiorelli M,
   3. Steiner T,
   4. et al

   . Hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic brain tissue: asymptomatic or symptomatic? Stroke 2001;32:1330–35

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
7. 7.↵
   1. Saver JL

   . Hemorrhage after thrombolytic therapy for stroke: the clinically relevant number needed to harm. Stroke 2007;38:2279–83

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
8. 8.↵
   1. Bambauer KZ,
   2. Johnston SC,
   3. Bambauer DE,
   4. et al

   . Reasons why few patients with acute stroke receive tissue plasminogen activator. Arch Neurol 2006;63:661–64

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
9. 9.↵
   1. Montaner J,
   2. Molina CA,
   3. Monasterio J,
   4. et al

   . Matrix metalloproteinase-9 pretreatment level predicts intracranial hemorrhagic complications after thrombolysis in human stroke. Circulation 2003;107:598–603

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
10. 10.↵
    1. Demchuk AM,
    2. Morgenstern LB,
    3. Krieger DW,
    4. et al

    . Serum glucose level and diabetes predict tissue plasminogen activator-related intracerebral hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 1999;30:34–39

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
11. 11.↵
    1. Lansberg MG,
    2. Thijs VN,
    3. Bammer R,
    4. et al

    . Risk factors of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after tPA therapy for acute stroke. Stroke 2007;38:2275–78

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
12. 12.↵
    1. Larrue V,
    2. von Kummer RR,
    3. Muller A,
    4. et al

    . Risk factors for severe hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke patients treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator: a secondary analysis of the European-Australasian Acute Stroke Study (ECASS II). Stroke 2001;32:438–41

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
13. 13.↵
    1. Castellanos M,
    2. Serena J

    . Applicability of biomarkers in ischemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2007;24(suppl 1):7–15

    CrossRefPubMed
14. 14.↵
    1. Selim M,
    2. Fink JN,
    3. Kumar S,
    4. et al

    . Predictors of hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator: prognostic value of the initial apparent diffusion coefficient and diffusion-weighted lesion volume. Stroke 2002;33:2047–52

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
15. 15.↵
    1. Bisdas S,
    2. Hartel M,
    3. Cheong LH,
    4. et al

    . Detection of early vessel leakiness in acute ischemic stroke using computed tomography perfusion may indicate hemorrhagic transformation. Acta Radiol 2007;48:341–44

    FREE Full Text
16. 16.↵
    1. Bisdas S,
    2. Hartel M,
    3. Cheong LH,
    4. et al

    . Prediction of subsequent hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke using permeability CT imaging and a distributed parameter tracer kinetic model. J Neuroradiol 2007;34:101–08

    PubMed
17. 17.↵
    1. Lin K,
    2. Kazmi KS,
    3. Law M,
    4. et al

    . Measuring elevated microvascular permeability and predicting hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke using first-pass dynamic perfusion CT imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:1292–98

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
18. 18.↵
    1. Chernyshev O,
    2. Sitton C,
    3. Morales M,
    4. et al

    . Increased blood brain barrier permeability is not a predictor of complication in t-PA treated patients. In: Proceedings of the International Stroke Conference San Diego, California. February 17–20, 2009. American Heart Association; 2009
19. 19.↵
    1. Aviv RI,
    2. d'Esterre CD,
    3. Murphy BD,
    4. et al

    . Hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke: prediction with CT perfusion. Radiology 2009;250:867–77

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. 20.↵
    1. Kassner A,
    2. Roberts T,
    3. Taylor K,
    4. et al

    . Prediction of hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke using permeability MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:2213–17

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
21. 21.↵
    1. Bang OY,
    2. Buck BH,
    3. Saver JL,
    4. et al

    . Prediction of hemorrhagic transformation after recanalization therapy using T2*-permeability magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 2007;62:170–76

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
22. 22.↵
    1. Bang OY,
    2. Saver JL,
    3. Alger JR,
    4. et al

    . Patterns and predictors of blood-brain barrier permeability derangements in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2009;40:454–61. Epub 2008 Nov 26

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
23. 23.↵
    1. Wang X,
    2. Lo EH

    . Triggers and mediators of hemorrhagic transformation in cerebral ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2003;28:229–44

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
24. 24.↵
    1. Dankbaar JW,
    2. Hom J,
    3. Schneider T,
    4. et al

    . Dynamic perfusion CT assessment of the blood-brain barrier permeability: first pass versus delayed acquisition. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:1671–76

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
25. 25.↵
    1. Dankbaar JW,
    2. Hom J,
    3. Schneider T,
    4. et al

    . Accuracy and anatomical coverage of perfusion CT assessment of the blood-brain barrier permeability: one bolus versus two boluses. Cerebrovasc Dis 2008;26:600–05

    CrossRefPubMed
26. 26.↵
    1. Wintermark M,
    2. Maeder P,
    3. Thiran JP,
    4. et al

    . Quantitative assessment of regional cerebral blood flows by perfusion CT studies at low injection rates: a critical review of the underlying theoretical models. Eur Radiol 2001;11:1220–30

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
27. 27.↵
    1. Axel L

    . Tissue mean transit time from dynamic computed tomography by a simple deconvolution technique. Invest Radiol 1983;18:94–99

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
28. 28.↵
    1. Wintermark M,
    2. Flanders AE,
    3. Velthuis B,
    4. et al

    . Perfusion-CT assessment of infarct core and penumbra: receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in 130 patients suspected of acute hemispheric stroke. Stroke 2006;37:979–85

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
29. 29.↵
    1. Patlak CS,
    2. Blasberg RG

    . Graphical evaluation of blood-to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake data: generalizations. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1985;5:584–90

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
30. 30.↵
    1. Patlak CS,
    2. Blasberg RG,
    3. Fenstermacher JD

    . Graphical evaluation of blood-to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake data. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1983;3:1–7

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
31. 31.↵
    1. Dankbaar JW,
    2. Hom J,
    3. Schneider T,
    4. et al

    . Age- and anatomy-related values of blood-brain barrier permeability measured by perfusion-CT in non-stroke patients. J Neuroradiol 2009;36:219–27

    CrossRefPubMed
32. 32.↵
    1. Soares BP,
    2. Tong E,
    3. Hom J,
    4. et al

    . Reperfusion is a more accurate predictor of follow-up infarct volume than recanalization: a proof of concept using CT in acute ischemic stroke patients. Stroke 2010;41:e34–40. Epub 2009 Nov 12

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
33. 33.↵
    1. Tan JC,
    2. Dillon WP,
    3. Liu S,
    4. et al

    . Systematic comparison of perfusion-CT and CT-angiography in acute stroke patients. Ann Neurol 2007;61:533–43

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
34. 34.↵
    1. Zador Z,
    2. Stiver S,
    3. Wang V,
    4. et al

    . Role of aquaporin-4 in cerebral edema and stroke. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2009:159–70
35. 35.↵
    1. Paciaroni M,
    2. Agnelli G,
    3. Corea F,
    4. et al

    . Early hemorrhagic transformation of brain infarction: rate, predictive factors, and influence on clinical outcome—results of a prospective multicenter study. Stroke 2008;39:2249–56

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
36. 36.↵
    1. Tsuji K,
    2. Aoki T,
    3. Tejima E,
    4. et al

    . Tissue plasminogen activator promotes matrix metalloproteinase-9 upregulation after focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 2005;36:1954–59

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
37. 37.↵
    1. Wang X,
    2. Lee SR,
    3. Arai K,
    4. et al

    . Lipoprotein receptor-mediated induction of matrix metalloproteinase by tissue plasminogen activator. Nat Med 2003;9:1313–17

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
38. 38.↵
    1. Yepes M,
    2. Roussel BD,
    3. Ali C,
    4. et al

    . Tissue-type plasminogen activator in the ischemic brain: more than a thrombolytic. Trends Neurosci 2009;32:48–55. Epub 2008 Oct 27

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
39. 39.↵
    1. Serena J,
    2. Blanco M,
    3. Castellanos M,
    4. et al

    . The prediction of malignant cerebral infarction by molecular brain barrier disruption markers. Stroke 2005;36:1921–26

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
40. 40.↵
    1. Soares BP,
    2. Chien JD,
    3. Wintermark M

    . MR and CT monitoring of recanalization, reperfusion, and penumbra salvage: everything that recanalizes does not necessarily reperfuse! Stroke 2009;40:S24–27

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
41. 41.↵
    1. Wintermark M,
    2. Albers GW,
    3. Alexandrov AV,
    4. et al

    . Acute stroke imaging research roadmap. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:e23–30

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
42. 42.↵
    1. Hacke W,
    2. Furlan AJ,
    3. Al-Rawi Y,
    4. et al

    . Intravenous desmoteplase in patients with acute ischaemic stroke selected by MRI perfusion-diffusion weighted imaging or perfusion CT (DIAS-2): a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet Neurol 2009;8:141–50

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science