No Association Between Conventional Brain MR Imaging and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis

R. Zivadinov; G. Cutter; K. Marr; M. Ramanathan; R.H.B. Benedict; N. Bergsland; C. Morgan; E. Carl; D. Hojnacki; E.A. Yeh; L. Willis; M. Cherneva; C. Kennedy; M.G. Dwyer; B. Weinstock-Guttman

doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3112

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No Association Between Conventional Brain MR Imaging and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis

R. Zivadinov, G. Cutter, K. Marr, M. Ramanathan, R.H.B. Benedict, N. Bergsland, C. Morgan, E. Carl, D. Hojnacki, E.A. Yeh, L. Willis, M. Cherneva, C. Kennedy, M.G. Dwyer and B. Weinstock-Guttman

American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2012, 33 (10) 1913-1917; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3112

R. Zivadinov

aFrom the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)

bThe Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.H., E.A.Y., B.W.-G.)

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G. Cutter

dDepartment of Biostatistics (G.C., C.M.), University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama.

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K. Marr

aFrom the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)

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M. Ramanathan

cDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), State University of New York, Buffalo, New York

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R.H.B. Benedict

bThe Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.H., E.A.Y., B.W.-G.)

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N. Bergsland

aFrom the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)

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C. Morgan

dDepartment of Biostatistics (G.C., C.M.), University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama.

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E. Carl

aFrom the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)

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D. Hojnacki

bThe Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.H., E.A.Y., B.W.-G.)

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E.A. Yeh

bThe Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.H., E.A.Y., B.W.-G.)

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L. Willis

aFrom the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)

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M. Cherneva

aFrom the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)

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C. Kennedy

aFrom the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)

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M.G. Dwyer

aFrom the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)

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B. Weinstock-Guttman

bThe Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.H., E.A.Y., B.W.-G.)

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Table 1:

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the enrolled disease group subtypes

	HC (n = 73)	RRMS (n = 162)	SPMS (n = 66)
Age, median (IQR)	44 (17)	44 (16)	54.5 (9)
Sex
% Male	45.2	22.8	19.7
Male/female	33/40	37/125	13/53
EDSS, median (IQR) [# missing]		2 (1.5) [8]	6 (2) [2]
Disease duration, years; median (IQR)		9 (11)	19.5 (18)

Note:—Of the 228 patients with MS, 204 were on disease-modifying therapy. These included 68 patients on interferon beta-1a I.M., 23 on interferon beta 1a S.C., 1 on interferon beta 1b, 46 on glatiramer acetate, 50 on natalizumab, 3 on intravenous immunoglobulin, 4 on mycophenolate mofetil, 2 on azathioprine, 2 on combination therapy, and 1 on mitoxantrone; drug data for 4 patients were not recorded. IQR indicates interquartile range.

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Cite this article

R. Zivadinov, G. Cutter, K. Marr, M. Ramanathan, R.H.B. Benedict, N. Bergsland, C. Morgan, E. Carl, D. Hojnacki, E.A. Yeh, L. Willis, M. Cherneva, C. Kennedy, M.G. Dwyer, B. Weinstock-Guttman

No Association Between Conventional Brain MR Imaging and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis

American Journal of Neuroradiology Nov 2012, 33 (10) 1913-1917; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A3112

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No Association Between Conventional Brain MR Imaging and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis

R. Zivadinov, G. Cutter, K. Marr, M. Ramanathan, R.H.B. Benedict, N. Bergsland, C. Morgan, E. Carl, D. Hojnacki, E.A. Yeh, L. Willis, M. Cherneva, C. Kennedy, M.G. Dwyer, B. Weinstock-Guttman

American Journal of Neuroradiology Nov 2012, 33 (10) 1913-1917; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A3112

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