Assessing Abnormal Iron Content in the Deep Gray Matter of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis versus Healthy Controls

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Lassmann H,
   2. Bruck W,
   3. Lucchinetti CF

   . The immunopathology of multiple sclerosis: an overview. Brain Pathol 2007; 17: 210– 18

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
2. 2.↵
   1. Schelling F

   . Damaging venous reflux into the skull or spine: relevance to multiple sclerosis. Med Hypotheses 1986; 21: 141– 48

   CrossRefPubMed
3. 3.↵
   1. Zamboni P,
   2. Galeotti R,
   3. Menegatti E,
   4. et al

   . Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80: 392– 99

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
4. 4.↵
   1. Singh AV,
   2. Zamboni P

   . Anomalous venous blood flow and iron deposition in multiple sclerosis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2009; 29: 1867– 78. Epub 2009 Sep 2

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. 5.↵
   1. Filippi M,
   2. Rocca MA,
   3. Martino G,
   4. et al

   . Magnetization transfer changes in the normal appearing white matter precede the appearance of enhancing lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1998; 43: 809– 14

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
6. 6.↵
   1. Haacke EM,
   2. Makki M,
   3. Ge Y,
   4. et al

   . Characterizing iron deposition in multiple sclerosis lesions using susceptibility weighted imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 29: 537– 44

   CrossRefPubMed
7. 7.↵
   1. Nelson F,
   2. Poonawalla AH,
   3. Hou P,
   4. et al

   . Improved identification of intracortical lesions in multiple sclerosis with phase-sensitive inversion recovery in combination with fast double inversion recovery MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 28: 1645– 49

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
8. 8.↵
   1. Allen IV,
   2. McQuaid S,
   3. Mirakhur M,
   4. et al

   . Pathological abnormalities in the normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2001; 22: 141– 44

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
9. 9.↵
   1. Neema M,
   2. Arora A,
   3. Healy BC,
   4. et al

   . Deep gray matter involvement on brain MRI scans is associated with clinical progression in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimaging 2009; 19: 3– 8

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
10. 10.↵
    1. Filippi M,
    2. Rocca MA

    . MR imaging of gray matter involvement in multiple sclerosis: implications for understanding disease pathophysiology and monitoring treatment efficacy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31: 1171– 77. Epub 2009 Dec 31

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
11. 11.↵
    1. Varga AW,
    2. Johnson G,
    3. Babb JS,
    4. et al

    . White matter hemodynamic abnormalities precede sub-cortical gray matter changes in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2009; 282: 28– 33

    CrossRefPubMed
12. 12.↵
    1. Adams CW

    . Perivascular iron deposition and other vascular damage in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988; 51: 260– 65

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
13. 13.↵
    1. Eissa A,
    2. Lebel RM,
    3. Korzan JR,
    4. et al

    . Detecting lesions in multiple sclerosis at 4.7 Tesla using phase susceptibility-weighting and T2-weighting. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 30: 737– 42

    CrossRefPubMed
14. 14.↵
    1. Craelius W,
    2. Migdal MW,
    3. Luessenhop CP,
    4. et al

    . Iron deposits surrounding multiple sclerosis plaques. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1982; 106: 397– 99

    PubMedWeb of Science
15. 15.↵
    1. Levine SM,
    2. Chakrabarty A

    . The role of iron in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1012: 252– 66

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
16. 16.↵
    1. Gutteridge JM

    . Iron and oxygen radicals in brain. Ann Neurol 1992; 32 (suppl): S16– 21

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
17. 17.↵
    1. Hammond KE,
    2. Metcalf M,
    3. Carvajal L,
    4. et al

    . Quantitative in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of multiple sclerosis at 7 Tesla with sensitivity to iron. Ann Neurol 2008; 64: 707– 13

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
18. 18.↵
    1. Haacke EM,
    2. Garbern J,
    3. Miao Y,
    4. et al

    . Iron stores and cerebral veins in MS studied by susceptibility weighted imaging. Int Angiol 2010; 29: 149– 57

    PubMedWeb of Science
19. 19.↵
    1. Zivadinov R,
    2. Schirda C,
    3. Dwyer MG,
    4. et al

    . Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and iron deposition on susceptibility-weighted imaging in patients with multiple sclerosis: a pilot case-control study. Int Angiol 2010; 29: 158– 75

    PubMedWeb of Science
20. 20.↵
    1. Burgetova A,
    2. Seidl Z,
    3. Krasensky J,
    4. et al

    . Multiple sclerosis and the accumulation of iron in the basal ganglia: quantitative assessment of brain iron using MRI T(2) relaxometry. Eur Neurol 2010; 63: 136– 43

    CrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    1. Zhang Y,
    2. Metz LM,
    3. Yong VW,
    4. et al

    . 3T deep gray matter T2 hypointensity correlates with disability over time in stable relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a 3-year pilot study. J Neurol Sci 2010; 297: 76– 81

    CrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    1. Ceccarelli A,
    2. Rocca MA,
    3. Neema M,
    4. et al

    . Deep gray matter T2 hypointensity is present in patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2010; 16: 39– 44

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
23. 23.↵
    1. Worthington V,
    2. Killestein J,
    3. Eikelenboom MJ,
    4. et al

    . Normal CSF ferritin levels in MS suggest against etiologic role of chronic venous insufficiency. Neurology 2010; 75: 1617– 22

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
24. 24.↵
    1. van Toorn R,
    2. Schoeman JF,
    3. Solomons R,
    4. et al

    . Iron status in children with recurrent episodes of tumefactive cerebral demyelination. J Child Neurol 2010; 25: 1401– 07

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
25. 25.↵
    1. Haacke EM,
    2. Miao YW,
    3. Liu M,
    4. et al

    . Correlation of putative iron content as represented by changes in R2* and phase with age in deep gray matter of healthy adults. J Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 32: 561– 76

    CrossRefPubMed
26. 26.↵
    1. Haacke EM,
    2. Mittal S,
    3. Wu Z,
    4. et al

    . Susceptibility-weighted imaging: technical aspects and clinical applications, part 1. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30: 19– 30

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
27. 27.↵
    1. Miao Y,
    2. Liu T,
    3. Wu JL

    . Correlation study of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) study on deep brain gray nuclei and age. In: Proceeding of the 94th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America, Chicago, Illinois. November 30-December 5, 2008
28. 28.↵
    1. Haacke EM,
    2. Ayaz M,
    3. Khan A,
    4. et al

    . Establishing a baseline phase behavior in magnetic resonance imaging to determine normal vs. abnormal iron content in the brain. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 26: 256– 64

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
29. 29.↵
    1. Haacke EM

    . Chronic cerebral spinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Neurother 2011; 11: 5– 9

    CrossRefPubMed
30. 30.↵
    1. Zamboni P

    . The big idea: iron-dependent inflammation in venous disease and proposed parallels in multiple sclerosis. J R Soc Med 2006; 99: 589– 93

    FREE Full Text
31. 31.↵
    1. Ogg RJ,
    2. Langston JW,
    3. Haacke EM,
    4. et al

    . The correlation between phase shifts in gradient-echo MR images and regional brain iron concentration. Magn Reson Imaging 1999; 17: 1141– 48

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
32. 32.↵
    1. Xu X,
    2. Wang Q,
    3. Zhang M

    . Age, gender, and hemispheric differences in iron deposition in the human brain: an in vivo MRI study. Neuroimage 2008; 40: 35– 42

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
33. 33.↵
    1. Zivadinov R,
    2. Brown MH,
    3. Schirda CV,
    4. et al

    . Abnormal subcortical deep-gray matter susceptibility-weighted imaging filtered phase measurements in patients with multiple sclerosis. A case-control study. Neuroimage 2012; 59: 331– 9.

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science