Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
A, Phase-derived VIF and tumor CT(t) from a patient with confirmed grade IV glioma obtained at 3T. B and C, Ktrans_ϕ (B) and Vp_ϕ (C) maps. D, Magnitude-derived VIF and tumor signal-intensity changes from the same patient for comparison. E and F, Ktrans_SI (E) and Vp_SI (F) maps. Maximal Ktrans_ϕ and Vp_ϕ values in tumor are 0.099 minutes−1 and 5.7 mL/100 g compared with 0.15 minutes−1 and 18 mL/100 g for Ktrans_SI and Vp_SI.
- Fig 2.
Boxplots showing ability of parameters Ktrans_ϕ (A), Ktrans_SI (B), Vp_ϕ (C), and Vp_SI (D) in differentiating various glioma grades for 2D (solid line) and 3D data (dashed line).
- Fig 3.
A, ROC for comparison of maximal Ktrans_ϕ and Ktrans_SI for differentiation of low-grade from high-grade gliomas. B, ROC for comparison of Vp_ϕ and Vp_SI in differentiating low-grade and high-grade gliomas.
- Fig 4.
Agreement between Ktrans_ϕ and Ktrans_SI (A), Vp_ϕ, and Vp_SI (B). A, Bland-Altman plot of difference between Ktrans_ϕ and Ktrans_SI against a mean of Ktrans_ϕ and Ktrans_SI, with a mean absolute difference (bias) (solid line) and 95% confidence interval of the mean difference (limits of agreement) (dashed lines). B, Bland-Altman plot of difference between Vp_ϕ and Vp_SI_ϕ against a mean of Vp_ϕ and Vp_SI.
Tables
- Table 1:
Median values of the maximal perfusion parameters and coefficient of variation for different grades of gliomas using a 2D gradient-recalled echo sequence on a 1.5T MR imaging scanner
No. Ktrans_ϕ(min−1) (95% CI) CV(%) Ktrans_SI(min−1) (95% CI) CV(%) Vp_ϕ (mL/100 g) (95% CI) CV(%) Vp_SI (ml/100 g) (95% CI) CV(%) Grade 2 8 0.0086 (0.0010–0.047) 153 0.0032 (0.00056–0.17) 210 0.66 (0.091–1.55) 91 1.35 (0.22–6.9) 143 Grade 3 4 0.020 142 0.0052 191 1.37 105 2.8 114 Not defined Not defined Not defined Not defined Grade 4 19 0.10 (0.072–0.13) 46 0.13 (0.073–0.23) 85 2.0 (1.7–3.1) 78 8.8 (5.3–14) 76 - Table 2:
Median values of the maximal perfusion parameters and coefficient of variation for different grades of gliomas using a 3D gradient-recalled echo sequence on a 3T MR scanner
No. Ktrans_ϕ(min−1) (95% CI) CV(%) Ktrans_SI(min−1) (95% CI) CV(%) Vp_ϕ (mL/100 g) (95% CI) CV(%) Vp_SI (mL/100 g) (95% CI) CV(%) Grade 2 1 0 0 0 0 Not defined Not defined Not defined Not defined Grade 3 5 0.032 122 0.026 131 0.98 54 3.9 57 Not defined Not defined Not defined Not defined Grade 4 9 0.069 (0.047–0.096) 45 0.15 (0.082–0.31) 72 2.4 (1.3–5.6) 59 12.5 (5.5–25) 70 - Table 3:
Median values of the maximal perfusion parameters and coefficient of variation for different grades of gliomas combining 2D and 3D acquisition methods
No. Ktrans_ϕ(min−1) (95% CI) CV(%) Ktrans_SI(min−1) (95% CI) CV(%) Vp_ϕ (mL/100 g) (95% CI) CV(%) Vp_SI (mL/100 g) (95% CI) CV(%) Grade 2 9 0.0041 (0.00062–0.033) 165 0.0024 (0.00050–0.10) 224 0.64 (0.063–1.4) 103 1.12 (0.18–4.9) 155 Grade 2 excluding biopsy 6 0.0014 (0.00010–0.011) 144 0.0016 (0.00011–0.014) 156 0.15 (0.011–0.67) 107 0.81 (0.032–4.3) 133 Grade 3 9 0.031 (0.011–0.15) 122 0.0093 (0.0030–0.17) 172 0.98 (0.34–2.2) 92 3.7 (1.6–6.4) 86 Grade 3 excluding biopsy 7 0.031 (0.0083–0.19) 116 0.0093 (0.0017–0.29) 169 0.79 (0.26–2.9) 116 1.9 (1.0–8.6) 103 Grade 4 28 0.088 (0.069–0.11) 48 0.15 (0.093–0.21) 79 2.16 (1.8–3.1) 71 9.4 (5.8–14) 75 - Table 4:
The statistical significance (P Values) of differences in median perfusion parameter values for various grades of gliomas and imaging techniques
P Value Ktrans_ϕ Ktrans_SI Vp_ϕ Vp_SI Grade II vs III .050 .17 .15 .14 Grade II vs III excluding biopsy .0047 .070 .051 .070 Grade III vs IV .040 .014 .015 .0026 Grade III 2D vs 3D .32 .62 .80 .80 Grade IV 2D vs 3D .058 .50 .57 0.21 AUC for Ktrans_ϕ (95% CI) AUC for Ktrans_SI (95% CI) AUC for Vp_ϕ (95% CI) AUC for Vp_SI (95% CI) Low-grade from high-grade gliomas 0.87 (0.73–1) 0.81 (0.59–1) 0.84 (0.69–0.98) 0.84 (0.66–0.91) Grade III from grade IV gliomas 0.73 (0.46–1) 0.77 (0.54–1) 0.77 (0.58–0.97) 0.84 (0.68–0.99)
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