Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
CTA definition of extracranial and intracranial large-vessel stenosis. Compared with the nonobstructive ICA disease (A), extracranial carotid artery stenosis was defined as evidence of >50% stenosis based on the NASCET criteria (B). Similarly, compared with the large intracranial vessel disease (<50%, M1, C), intracranial stenosis was defined as >50% stenosis in either the middle (M1) (D), anterior (A1), or posterior cerebral arteries (P1) on CTA, on either side.
- Fig 2.
Volumetric analysis of WMH in patients with AIS. Left: for each subject, the T1 sagittal sequence of admission brain MR imaging (A) is used to outline the 2 adjacent median sections (B). The combined volume of these sections is used to calculate the intracranial area (C), a validated marker of intracranial volume. Right: T2 FLAIR axial sequences are examined for the presence of WMH (D). Regions of interest representing leukoaraiosis are outlined in the hemisphere contralateral to the acute infarct (E), and a semiautomated intensity filter is applied to all consecutive supratentorial axial FLAIR sections (F). The intersection between the initial region of interest and the intensity filter is examined by an operator trained to edit the final region of interest (G) and to finalize the WMH volume calculations adjusted for head size by using the intracranial area.
Tables
Baseline Characteristics Age (yr) (mean ± SD) 62.45 ± 15.02 Female (No.) (%) 72 (35.82) HTN (No.) (%) 119 (59.20) DM (No.) (%) 36 (17.91) Smoking (No.) (%) 119 (60.1) Hyperlipidemia (No.) (%) 84 (41.79) CAD (No.) (%) 34 (16.92) AF (No.) (%) 18 (8.96) Extracranial carotid stenosis (No.) (%) 51 (25.37) Intracranial arterial stenosis (No.) (%) 63 (31.50) WMHV (cm3) (median) (IQR) 5.0 (2.5–10.68) lnWMHV (mean ± SD) 1.61 ± 1.19 WMHV (extracranial stenosis) (cm3) (mean ± SD) 12.87 ± 2.4 WMHV (intracranial stenosis) (cm3) (mean ± SD) 8.59 ± 1.6 SBP (mm Hg) (mean ± SD) 151.54 ± 29.23 DBP (mm Hg) (mean ± SD) 81.43 ± 14.70 Creatinine level (mg/dL) (median) (IQR) 1.0 (0.84–1.17) NIHSS score, median (IQR) 2.0 (1–14) TOAST classification Large-artery atherosclerosis (No.) (%) 50 (25.00) Cardioembolism (No.) (%) 80 (40.00) Small-vessel occlusion (No.) (%) 27 (13.50) Undetermined etiology (No.) (%) 36 (18.00) Other determined etiology (No.) (%) 8 (4.00) Predictors Estimate T Value P Value Age (yr) 0.04 7.70 <.0001a Sex 0.27 1.54 .13 SBP 0.01 3.69 .0003a DBP 0.02 2.91 .0041a Creatinine level 0.32 1.23 .22 Medical history HTN 0.62 3.72 .000a DM 0.17 0.76 0.45 Smoking 0.08 0.51 0.61 Hyperlipidemia −0.02 −0.12 0.90 CAD 0.03 0.13 0.90 AF 0.25 0.84 0.40 Site of vascular stenosis Extracranial carotid stenosis 0.37 1.93 0.05 Intracranial arterial stenosis 0.12 0.66 0.51 -
↵a Statistically significant.
-
Predictors Estimate T Value P Value Model 1a F = 13.42 <.0001 Age (yr) 0.03 6.34 <.0001d Sex 0.07 0.45 .65 SBP 0.01 2.24 .03d HTN 0.12 0.68 .50 Extracranial carotid stenosis 0.03 0.16 .87 Model 2b F = 11.45 <.0001 Age (yr) 0.03 6.19 <.0001d Sex 0.11 0.66 .51 SBP 0.01 2.43 .02d HTN 0.14 0.79 .43 Extracranial carotid stenosis 0.11 0.60 .55 Intracranial arterial stenosis −0.12 −0.69 .49 Model 3c F = 2.35 .10 Intracranial arterial stenosis −0.01 −0.05 .96 Extracranial carotid stenosis 0.42 2.06 .04d
