Individual Classification of Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes by Support Vector Machine Analysis of White Matter DTI

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Nitsch RM,
   2. Hock C

   . Targeting beta-amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease with Abeta immunotherapy. Neurotherapeutics 2008;5:415–20

   CrossRefPubMed
2. 2.↵
   1. Duara R,
   2. Barker W,
   3. Loewenstein D,
   4. et al

   . The basis for disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease: the Sixth Annual Mild Cognitive Impairment Symposium. Alzheimers Dement 2009;5:66–74

   CrossRefPubMed
3. 3.↵
   1. Holmes C,
   2. Boche D,
   3. Wilkinson D,
   4. et al

   . Long-term effects of Abeta42 immunisation in Alzheimer's disease: follow-up of a randomised, placebo-controlled phase I trial. Lancet 2008;372:216–23

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
4. 4.↵
   1. Lannfelt L,
   2. Blennow K,
   3. Zetterberg H,
   4. et al

   . Safety, efficacy, and biomarker findings of PBT2 in targeting Abeta as a modifying therapy for Alzheimer's disease: a phase IIa, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2008;7:779–86

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. 5.↵
   1. Petersen RC,
   2. Negash S

   . Mild cognitive impairment: an overview. CNS Spectr 2008;13:45–53

   PubMedWeb of Science
6. 6.↵
   1. Petersen RC

   . Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med 2004;256:183–94

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. 7.↵
   1. Mariani E,
   2. Monastero R,
   3. Mecocci P

   . Mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. J Alzheimers Dis 2007;12:23–35

   PubMedWeb of Science
8. 8.↵
   1. Forlenza OV,
   2. Diniz BS,
   3. Nunes PV,
   4. et al

   . Diagnostic transitions in mild cognitive impairment subtypes. Int Psychogeriatr 2009;21:1088–95

   CrossRefPubMed
9. 9.↵
   1. Ashburner J,
   2. Friston KJ

   . Voxel-based morphometry–the methods. Neuroimage 2000;11:805–21

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
10. 10.↵
    1. Scahill RI,
    2. Schott JM,
    3. Stevens JM,
    4. et al

    . Mapping the evolution of regional atrophy in Alzheimer's disease: unbiased analysis of fluid-registered serial MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002;99:4703–07

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
11. 11.↵
    1. Karas GB,
    2. Burton EJ,
    3. Rombouts SA,
    4. et al

    . A comprehensive study of gray matter loss in patients with Alzheimer's disease using optimized voxel-based morphometry. Neuroimage 2003;18:895–907

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
12. 12.↵
    1. Karas GB,
    2. Scheltens P,
    3. Rombouts SA,
    4. et al

    . Global and local gray matter loss in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2004;23:708–16

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
13. 13.↵
    1. Karas G,
    2. Sluimer J,
    3. Goekoop R,
    4. et al

    . Amnestic mild cognitive impairment: structural MR imaging findings predictive of conversion to Alzheimer disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:944–49

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. 14.↵
    1. Chupin M,
    2. Gerardin E,
    3. Cuingnet R,
    4. et al

    . Fully automatic hippocampus segmentation and classification in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment applied on data from ADNI. Hippocampus 2009;19:579–87

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
15. 15.↵
    1. Holland D,
    2. Brewer JB,
    3. Hagler DJ,
    4. et al

    . Subregional neuroanatomical change as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009;106:20954–59

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
16. 16.↵
    1. Plant C,
    2. Teipel SJ,
    3. Oswald A,
    4. et al

    . Automated detection of brain atrophy patterns based on MRI for the prediction of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2010;50:162–74

    CrossRefPubMed
17. 17.↵
    1. Della Nave R,
    2. Ginestroni A,
    3. Tessa C,
    4. et al

    . Brain white matter damage in SCA1 and SCA2. An in vivo study using voxel-based morphometry, histogram analysis of mean diffusivity and tract-based spatial statistics. Neuroimage 2008;43:10–19

    CrossRefPubMed
18. 18.↵
    1. Della Nave R,
    2. Ginestroni A,
    3. Tessa C,
    4. et al

    . Brain white matter tracts degeneration in Friedreich ataxia. An in vivo MRI study using tract-based spatial statistics and voxel-based morphometry. Neuroimage 2008;40:19–25

    CrossRefPubMed
19. 19.↵
    1. Ibrahim I,
    2. Horacek J,
    3. Bartos A,
    4. et al

    . Combination of voxel based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2009;30:39–45

    PubMed
20. 20.↵
    1. Haller S,
    2. Xekardaki A,
    3. Delaloye C,
    4. et al

    . Combined analysis of grey matter voxel-based morphometry and white matter tract-based spatial statistics in late-life bipolar disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2011;36:391–401

    CrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    1. Agosta F,
    2. Pievani M,
    3. Sala S,
    4. et al

    . White matter damage in Alzheimer disease and its relationship to gray matter atrophy. Radiology 2011;258:853–63

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
22. 22.↵
    1. Smith SM,
    2. Jenkinson M,
    3. Johansen-Berg H,
    4. et al

    . Tract-based spatial statistics: voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data. Neuroimage 2006;31:1487–505

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
23. 23.↵
    1. Damoiseaux JS,
    2. Smith SM,
    3. Witter MP,
    4. et al

    . White matter tract integrity in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2009;30:1051–59

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
24. 24.↵
    1. Liu Y,
    2. Spulber G,
    3. Lehtimaki KK,
    4. et al

    . Diffusion tensor imaging and tract-based spatial statistics in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2011;32:1558–71

    CrossRefPubMed
25. 25.↵
    1. Teipel SJ,
    2. Meindl T,
    3. Grinberg L,
    4. et al

    . The cholinergic system in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: an in vivo MRI and DTI study. Hum Brain Mapp 2011;32:1349–62

    CrossRefPubMed
26. 26.↵
    1. Teipel SJ,
    2. Pogarell O,
    3. Meindl T,
    4. et al

    . Regional networks underlying interhemispheric connectivity: an EEG and DTI study in healthy ageing and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp 2009;30:2098–119

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
27. 27.↵
    1. Arenaza-Urquijo EM,
    2. Bosch B,
    3. Sala-Llonch R,
    4. et al

    . Specific anatomic associations between white matter integrity and cognitive reserve in normal and cognitively impaired elders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011;19:33–42

    CrossRefPubMed
28. 28.↵
    1. Bosch B,
    2. Arenaza-Urquijo EM,
    3. Rami L,
    4. et al

    . Multiple DTI index analysis in normal aging, amnestic MCI and AD. Relationship with neuropsychological performance. Neurobiol Aging 2012;33:61–74

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
29. 29.↵
    1. Teipel SJ,
    2. Meindl T,
    3. Wagner M,
    4. et al

    . Longitudinal changes in fiber tract integrity in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment: a DTI follow-up study. J Alzheimers Dis 2010;22:507–22

    PubMedWeb of Science
30. 30.↵
    1. Haller S,
    2. Nguyen D,
    3. Rodriguez C,
    4. et al

    . Individual prediction of cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment using support vector machine-based analysis of diffusion tensor imaging data. J Alzheimers Dis 2010;22:315–27

    PubMedWeb of Science
31. 31.↵
    1. O'Dwyer L,
    2. Lamberton F,
    3. Bokde AL,
    4. et al

    . Using support vector machines with multiple indices of diffusion for automated classification of mild cognitive impairment. PLoS One 2012;7:e32441

    CrossRefPubMed
32. 32.↵
    1. Jak AJ,
    2. Bangen KJ,
    3. Wierenga CE,
    4. et al

    . Contributions of neuropsychology and neuroimaging to understanding clinical subtypes of mild cognitive impairment. Int Rev Neurobiol 2009;84:81–103

    CrossRefPubMed
33. 33.↵
    1. He J,
    2. Farias S,
    3. Martinez O,
    4. et al

    . Differences in brain volume, hippocampal volume, cerebrovascular risk factors, and apolipoprotein E4 among mild cognitive impairment subtypes. Arch Neurol 2009;66:1393–99

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
34. 34.↵
    1. Whitwell JL,
    2. Petersen RC,
    3. Negash S,
    4. et al

    . Patterns of atrophy differ among specific subtypes of mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol 2007;64:1130–38

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
35. 35.↵
    1. Bell-McGinty S,
    2. Lopez OL,
    3. Meltzer CC,
    4. et al

    . Differential cortical atrophy in subgroups of mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol 2005;62:1393–97

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
36. 36.↵
    1. Chua TC,
    2. Wen W,
    3. Chen X,
    4. et al

    . Diffusion tensor imaging of the posterior cingulate is a useful biomarker of mild cognitive impairment. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009;17:602–13

    CrossRefPubMed
37. 37.↵
    1. Zhuang L,
    2. Wen W,
    3. Zhu W,
    4. et al

    . White matter integrity in mild cognitive impairment: a tract-based spatial statistics study. Neuroimage 2010;53:16–25

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
38. 38.↵
    1. Grambaite R,
    2. Stenset V,
    3. Reinvang I,
    4. et al

    . White matter diffusivity predicts memory in patients with subjective and mild cognitive impairment and normal CSF total tau levels. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2010;16:58–69

    CrossRefPubMed
39. 39.↵
    1. Stebbins GT,
    2. Murphy CM

    . Diffusion tensor imaging in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Behav Neurol 2009;21:39–49

    PubMedWeb of Science
40. 40.↵
    1. Noble WS

    . What is a support vector machine? Nat Biotechnol 2006;24:1565–67

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
41. 41.↵
    1. Haller S,
    2. Lovblad KO,
    3. Giannakopoulos P

    . Principles of classification analyses in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2011;26:389–94

    CrossRefPubMed
42. 42.↵
    1. Klöppel S,
    2. Stonnington CM,
    3. Chu C,
    4. et al

    . Automatic classification of MR scans in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2008;131:681–89

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
43. 43.↵
    1. Fan Y,
    2. Batmanghelich N,
    3. Clark CM,
    4. et al

    . Spatial patterns of brain atrophy in MCI patients, identified via high-dimensional pattern classification, predict subsequent cognitive decline. Neuroimage 2008;39:1731–43

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
44. 44.↵
    1. Misra C,
    2. Fan Y,
    3. Davatzikos C

    . Baseline and longitudinal patterns of brain atrophy in MCI patients, and their use in prediction of short-term conversion to AD: results from ADNI. Neuroimage 2009;44:1415–22

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
45. 45.↵
    1. Magnin B,
    2. Mesrob L,
    3. Kinkingnehun S,
    4. et al

    . Support vector machine-based classification of Alzheimer's disease from whole-brain anatomical MRI. Neuroradiology 2009;51:73–83

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
46. 46.↵
    1. Folstein MF,
    2. Folstein SE,
    3. McHugh PR

    . “Mini-Mental State.” A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189–98

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
47. 47.↵
    1. Barberger-Gateau P,
    2. Commenges D,
    3. Gagnon M,
    4. et al

    . Instrumental activities of daily living as a screening tool for cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly community dwellers. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992;40:1129–34

    PubMedWeb of Science
48. 48.↵
    1. Zigmond AS,
    2. Snaith RP

    . The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983;67:361–70

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
49. 49.↵
    1. Wechsler D

    . Adult Intelligence Scale, Revised (WAIS-R), The Psychological Corp., New York, 1981.
50. 50.↵
    1. Milner B

    . Interhemispheric differences in the localization of psychological processes in man. Br Med Bull 1971;27:272–77

    FREE Full Text
51. 51.↵
    1. Buschke H,
    2. Sliwinski MJ,
    3. Kuslansky G

    . Diagnosis of early dementia by the Double Memory Test: encoding specificity improves diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Neurology 1997;48:989–97

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
52. 52.↵
    1. Baddeley A,
    2. Emslie H,
    3. Nimmo-Smith I

    . Doors and people. A test of visual and verbal recall and recognition. Thames Valley Test Company: Bury St. Edmunds, UK, 1994
53. 53.↵
    1. Reitan RM

    . Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Percept Mot Skills 1958;8:271–76

    CrossRef
54. 54.↵
    1. Butters N,
    2. Granholm E,
    3. Salmon DP,
    4. et al

    . Episodic and semantic memory: a comparison of amnesic and demented patients. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1987;9:479–97

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
55. 55.↵
    1. Borkowski JG,
    2. Benton AL,
    3. Spreen O

    . Word fluency and brain damage. Neuropsychologia 1967;5:135–40

    CrossRefWeb of Science
56. 56.↵
    1. Heaton RK

    . Wisconsing Card Sorting Test Manual 1981
57. 57.↵
    1. Kaplan EF,
    2. Goodglass H,
    3. Weintraub S

    . The Boston naming test (2nd edition), 1983
58. 58.↵
    1. Ghent L

    . Perception of overlapping and embedded figures by children of different ages. Am J Psychol 1956;69:575–87

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
59. 59.↵
    1. Schnider A,
    2. Hanlon RE,
    3. Alexander DN,
    4. et al

    . Ideomotor apraxia: behavioral dimensions and neuroanatomical basis. Brain Lang 1997;58:125–36

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
60. 60.↵
    1. Poeck K

    . Clues to the nature of disruption to limb praxis. Neuropsychological Studies of Apraxia and Related Disorders; 1985:99–109
61. 61.↵
    1. Welsh KA,
    2. Butters N,
    3. Mohs RC,
    4. et al

    . The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part V. A normative study of the neuropsychological battery. Neurology 1994;44:609–14

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
62. 62.↵
    1. Hughes CP,
    2. Berg L,
    3. Danziger WL,
    4. et al

    . A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia. Br J Psychiatry 1982;140:566–72

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
63. 63.↵
    1. Petersen RC,
    2. Doody R,
    3. Kurz A,
    4. et al

    . Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol 2001;58:1985–92

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
64. 64.↵
    1. Libon DJ,
    2. Xie SX,
    3. Eppig J,
    4. et al

    . The heterogeneity of mild cognitive impairment: a neuropsychological analysis. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2010;16:84–93

    CrossRefPubMed
65. 65.↵
    1. Petersen RC,
    2. Morris JC

    . Mild cognitive impairment as a clinical entity and treatment target. Arch Neurol 2005;62:1160–63; discussion 1167

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
66. 66.↵
    1. Petersen RC,
    2. Roberts RO,
    3. Knopman DS,
    4. et al

    . Mild cognitive impairment: ten years later. Arch Neurol 2009;66:1447–55

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
67. 67.↵
    1. Fazekas F,
    2. Chawluk JB,
    3. Alavi A,
    4. et al

    . MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer's dementia and normal aging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1987;149:351–56

    PubMedWeb of Science
68. 68.↵
    1. Smith SM,
    2. Johansen-Berg H,
    3. Jenkinson M,
    4. et al

    . Acquisition and voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data with tract-based spatial statistics. Nat Protoc 2007;2:499–503

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
69. 69.↵
    1. Smith SM,
    2. Jenkinson M,
    3. Woolrich MW,
    4. et al

    . Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL. Neuroimage 2004;23:S208–19

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
70. 70.↵
    1. Smith SM,
    2. Nichols TE

    . Threshold-free cluster enhancement: addressing problems of smoothing, threshold dependence and localisation in cluster inference. Neuroimage 2009;44:83–98

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
71. 71.↵
    1. Kononenko I,
    2. Šimec E,
    3. Robnik-Šikonja M

    . Overcoming the myopia of inductive learning algorithms with RELIEFF. Appl Intell 1997;7:39–55

    CrossRef
72. 72.↵
    1. Platt J

    . Sequential minimal optimization: a fast algorithm for training support vector machines. Advances in Kernel Methods-Support Vector Learning 1999;208. Available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi-10.1.1.55.560&rep=rep1&type=pdf
73. 73.↵
    1. Scholkopf B,
    2. Sung KK,
    3. Burges CJC,
    4. et al

    . Comparing support vector machines with Gaussian kernels to radial basis function classifiers. IEEE Trans Signal Process 1997;45:2758–65

    CrossRefWeb of Science
74. 74.↵
    1. Acosta-Cabronero J,
    2. Williams GB,
    3. Pengas G,
    4. et al

    . Absolute diffusivities define the landscape of white matter degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2010;133:529–39

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
75. 75.↵
    1. Zhang Y,
    2. Du AT,
    3. Hayasaka S,
    4. et al

    . Patterns of age-related water diffusion changes in human brain by concordance and discordance analysis. Neurobiol Aging 2010;31:1991–2001

    CrossRefPubMed
76. 76.↵
    1. Pievani M,
    2. Agosta F,
    3. Pagani E,
    4. et al

    . Assessment of white matter tract damage in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2010;31:1862–75

    CrossRefPubMed
77. 77.↵
    1. Salat DH,
    2. Tuch DS,
    3. van der Kouwe AJ,
    4. et al

    . White matter pathology isolates the hippocampal formation in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2010;31:244–56

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
78. 78.↵
    1. Adler CM,
    2. Holland SK,
    3. Schmithorst V,
    4. et al

    . Abnormal frontal white matter tracts in bipolar disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Bipolar Disord 2004;6:197–203

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
79. 79.↵
    1. Nguyen D,
    2. Vargas MI,
    3. Khaw N,
    4. et al

    . Diffusion tensor imaging analysis with tract-based spatial statistics of the white matter abnormalities after epilepsy surgery. Epilepsy Res 2011 [Epub ahead of print]
80. 80.↵
    1. Deiber MP,
    2. Ibanez V,
    3. Herrmann F,
    4. et al

    . Face short-term memory-related electroencephalographic patterns can differentiate multi- versus single-domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2011;26:157–69

    CrossRefPubMed
81. 81.↵
    1. Stephan BC,
    2. Matthews FE,
    3. Hunter S,
    4. et al

    . Neuropathological profile of mild cognitive impairment from a population perspective. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2012;26:205–12

    CrossRefPubMed
82. 82.↵
    1. Grambaite R,
    2. Selnes P,
    3. Reinvang I,
    4. et al

    . Executive dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment is associated with changes in frontal and cingulate white matter tracts. J Alzheimers Dis 2011;27:453–62

    PubMed
83. 83.↵
    1. Haller S,
    2. Bartsch A,
    3. Nguyen D,
    4. et al

    . Cerebral microhemorrhage and iron deposition in mild cognitive impairment: susceptibility-weighted MR imaging assessment. Radiology 2010;257:764–73

    Abstract/FREE Full Text