Skip to main content
Advertisement

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • Article Preview
    • Past Issue Archive
    • AJNR Case Collection
    • Case of the Week Archive
    • Classic Case Archive
    • Case of the Month Archive
  • Special Collections
    • Spinal CSF Leak Articles (Jan 2020-June 2024)
    • 2024 AJNR Journal Awards
    • Most Impactful AJNR Articles
  • Multimedia
    • AJNR Podcast
    • AJNR Scantastics
    • Video Articles
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Author Policies
    • Fast publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
    • Graphical Abstract Preparation
    • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
    • Imaging Protocol Submission
    • Submit a Case for the Case Collection
  • About Us
    • About AJNR
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Permissions
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Advertisers
    • ASNR Home
  • Other Publications
    • ajnr

User menu

  • Alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
American Journal of Neuroradiology
American Journal of Neuroradiology

American Journal of Neuroradiology

ASHNR American Society of Functional Neuroradiology ASHNR American Society of Pediatric Neuroradiology ASSR
  • Alerts
  • Log in

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • Article Preview
    • Past Issue Archive
    • AJNR Case Collection
    • Case of the Week Archive
    • Classic Case Archive
    • Case of the Month Archive
  • Special Collections
    • Spinal CSF Leak Articles (Jan 2020-June 2024)
    • 2024 AJNR Journal Awards
    • Most Impactful AJNR Articles
  • Multimedia
    • AJNR Podcast
    • AJNR Scantastics
    • Video Articles
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Author Policies
    • Fast publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
    • Graphical Abstract Preparation
    • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
    • Imaging Protocol Submission
    • Submit a Case for the Case Collection
  • About Us
    • About AJNR
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Permissions
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Advertisers
    • ASNR Home
  • Follow AJNR on Twitter
  • Visit AJNR on Facebook
  • Follow AJNR on Instagram
  • Join AJNR on LinkedIn
  • RSS Feeds

Welcome to the new AJNR, Updated Hall of Fame, and more. Read the full announcements.


AJNR is seeking candidates for the position of Associate Section Editor, AJNR Case Collection. Read the full announcement.

 

Review ArticleReview Articles
Open Access

Multimodality MR Imaging Findings of Low-Grade Brain Edema in Hepatic Encephalopathy

L.J. Zhang, J. Zhong and G.M. Lu
American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2013, 34 (4) 707-715; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2968
L.J. Zhang
aFrom the Department of Medical Imaging (L.J.Z., G.M.L.), Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nangjing, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
J. Zhong
bDepartment of Imaging Sciences (J.Z.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
G.M. Lu
aFrom the Department of Medical Imaging (L.J.Z., G.M.L.), Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nangjing, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • Responses
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Rovira A,
    2. Alonso J,
    3. Cordoba J
    . MR imaging findings in hepatic encephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neroradiol 2008;29:1612–21
    CrossRef
  2. 2.↵
    1. Matsusue E,
    2. Kinoshita T,
    3. Ohama E,
    4. et al
    . Cerebral cortical and white matter lesions in chronic hepatic encephalopathy: MR-pathologic correlations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:347–51
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  3. 3.↵
    1. Córdoba J
    . New assessment of hepatic encephalopathy. J Hepatol 2011;54:1030–40
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  4. 4.↵
    1. Poveda MJ,
    2. Bernabeu A,
    3. Concepción L,
    4. et al
    . Brain edema dynamics in patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroimage 2010;52:481–87
    CrossRefPubMed
  5. 5.↵
    1. McPhail MJ,
    2. Taylor-Robinson SD
    . The role of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 2010;25:65–72
    CrossRefPubMed
  6. 6.↵
    1. Grover VP,
    2. Dresner MA,
    3. Forton DM,
    4. et al
    . Current and future applications of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of the brain in hepatic encephalopathy. World J Gastroenterol 2006;12:2969–78
    PubMedWeb of Science
  7. 7.↵
    1. Chavarria L,
    2. Oria M,
    3. Romero-Gimenez J,
    4. et al
    . Diffusion tensor imaging supports the cytotoxic origin of brain edema in a rat model of acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 2010;138:1566–73
    CrossRefPubMed
  8. 8.↵
    1. Buterworth RF
    . Hepatic encephalopathy: a central neuroinflammatory disorder? Hepatology 2011;53:1372–76
    CrossRefPubMed
  9. 9.↵
    1. Rodrigo R,
    2. Cauli O,
    3. Gomez-Pinedo U,
    4. et al
    . Hyperammonemia induces neuroinflammation that contributes to cognitive impairment in rats with hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterology 2010;139:675–84
    CrossRefPubMed
  10. 10.↵
    1. Gupta RK,
    2. Yadav SK,
    3. Rangan M,
    4. et al
    . Serum proinflammatory cytokines correlate with diffusion tensor imaging derived metrics and (1)H-MR spectroscopy in patients with acute liver failure. Metab Brain Dis 2010;25:355–61
    CrossRefPubMed
  11. 11.↵
    1. Ferenci P,
    2. Lockwood A,
    3. Mullen K,
    4. et al
    . Hepatic encephalopathy: definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification—final report of the working party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998. Hepatology 2002;35:716–21
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  12. 12.↵
    1. Yadav SK,
    2. Saksena S,
    3. Srivastava A,
    4. et al
    . Brain MR imaging and 1H-MR spectroscopy changes in patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction from early childhood to adulthood. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010;31:1337–42
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  13. 13.↵
    1. Randolph C,
    2. Hilsabeck R,
    3. Kato A,
    4. et al
    . Neuropsychological assessment of hepatic encephalopathy: ISHEN practice guidelines. Liver Int 2009;29:629–35. Epub 2009 Mar 19
    CrossRefPubMed
  14. 14.↵
    1. Zhang LJ,
    2. Yang G,
    3. Yin J,
    4. et al
    . Neural mechanism of cognitive control impairment in patients with hepatic cirrhosis: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Acta Radiol 2007;48:577–87
    FREE Full Text
  15. 15.↵
    1. Romero-Gómez M,
    2. Córdoba J,
    3. Jover R,
    4. et al
    . Value of the critical flicker frequency in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 2007;45:879–85
    CrossRefPubMed
  16. 16.↵
    1. Kreis R,
    2. Ross BD,
    3. Farrow NA,
    4. et al
    . Metabolic disorders of the brain in chronic hepatic encephalopathy detected with H-1 MR spectroscopy. Radiology 1992;182:19–27
    PubMedWeb of Science
  17. 17.↵
    1. Zemtsova I,
    2. Görg B,
    3. Keitel V,
    4. et al
    . Microglia activation in hepatic encephalopathy in rats and humans. Hepatology 2011;54:204–15
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  18. 18.↵
    1. Häussinger D,
    2. Schliess F
    . Pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy. Gut 2008;57:1156–65
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  19. 19.↵
    1. Arnold SM,
    2. Els T,
    3. Spreer J,
    4. et al
    . Acute hepatic encephalopathy with diffuse cortical lesions. Neuroradiology 2001;43:551–54
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  20. 20.↵
    1. McKinney AM,
    2. Lohman BD,
    3. Sarikaya B,
    4. et al
    . Acute hepatic encephalopathy: diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery findings, and correlation with plasma ammonia level and clinical outcome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010;31:1471–79
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  21. 21.↵
    1. U-King-Im JM,
    2. Yu E,
    3. Bartlett E,
    4. et al
    . Acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy in adults: imaging findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:413–18
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  22. 22.↵
    1. McKinney AM,
    2. Sarikaya B,
    3. Spanbauer J,
    4. et al
    . Acute hepatic (or hyperammonemic) encephalopathy: diffuse cortical injury and the significance of ammonia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:E142
    FREE Full Text
  23. 23.↵
    1. Miese F,
    2. Kircheis G,
    3. Wittsack HJ,
    4. et al
    . 1H-MR spectroscopy, magnetization transfer, and diffusion-weighted imaging in alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients with cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006;27:1019–26
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  24. 24.↵
    1. Rovira A,
    2. Córdoba J,
    3. Raguer N,
    4. et al
    . Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of brain edema in patients with liver disease: resolution after transplantation. Curr Opin Neurol 2002;15:731–37
    CrossRefPubMed
  25. 25.↵
    1. Barbiroli B
    . Diffusion MRI shows increased water apparent diffusion coefficient in the brains of cirrhotics. Neurology 2004;62:762–66
    CrossRef
  26. 26.↵
    1. Sugimoto R,
    2. Iwasa M,
    3. Maeda M,
    4. et al
    . Value of the apparent diffusion coefficient for quantification of low-grade hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:1413–20
    CrossRefPubMed
  27. 27.↵
    1. Kale RA,
    2. Gupta RK,
    3. Saraswat VA,
    4. et al
    . Demonstration of interstitial cerebral edema with diffusion tensor MR imaging in type C hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 2006;43:698–706
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  28. 28.↵
    1. Nath K,
    2. Saraswat VA,
    3. Krishna YR,
    4. et al
    . Quantification of cerebral edema on diffusion tensor imaging in acute-on-chronic liver failure. NMR Biomed 2008;21:713–22
    CrossRefPubMed
  29. 29.↵
    1. Saksena S,
    2. Rai V,
    3. Saraswat VA,
    4. et al
    . Cerebral diffusion tensor imaging and in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;23:e111–19
    CrossRefPubMed
  30. 30.↵
    1. Rai V,
    2. Nath K,
    3. Saraswat VA,
    4. et al
    . Measurement of cytotoxic and interstitial components of cerebral edema in acute hepatic failure by diffusion tensor imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008;28:334–41
    CrossRefPubMed
  31. 31.↵
    1. Zhang LJ,
    2. Yin JZ,
    3. Qi J,
    4. et al
    . Metabolic changes of anterior cingulate cortex in patients with hepatic cirrhosis: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Hepatol Res 2010;40:777–85
    CrossRefPubMed
  32. 32.↵
    1. Mardini H,
    2. Smith FE,
    3. Record CO,
    4. et al
    . Magnetic resonance quantification of water and metabolites in the brain of cirrhotics following induced hyperammonaemia. J Hepatol 2011;54:1154–60.
    CrossRefPubMed
  33. 33.↵
    1. Guevara M,
    2. Baccaro ME,
    3. Gómez-Ansón M,
    4. et al
    . Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging reveals marked abnormalities of brain tissue density in patients with cirrhosis without overt hepatic encephalopathy. J Hepatol 2011;55:564–73
    CrossRefPubMed
  34. 34.↵
    1. Lee JH,
    2. Seo DW,
    3. Lee YS,
    4. et al
    . Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) findings for the brain in patients with liver cirrhosis reflect the hepatic functional reserve. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:2206–13
    CrossRefPubMed
  35. 35.↵
    1. Naegele T,
    2. Grodd W,
    3. Viebahn R,
    4. et al
    . MR imaging and 1H spectroscopy of brain metabolites in hepatic encephalopathy: time-course of renormalization after liver transplantation. Radiology 2000;216:683–91
    PubMedWeb of Science
  36. 36.↵
    1. Timmermnan L,
    2. Butz M,
    3. Gross J,
    4. et al
    . Impaired cerebral oscillatory processing in hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 119:265–72
    PubMed
  37. 37.↵
    1. Gore JC
    . Principles and practice of functional MRI of the human brain. J Clin Invest 2003;112:4–9
    PubMedWeb of Science
  38. 38.↵
    1. Zafiris O,
    2. Kircheis G,
    3. Rood HA,
    4. et al
    . Neural mechanism underlying impaired visual judgement in the dysmetabolic brain: an fMRI study. Neuroimage 2004;22:541–52
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  39. 39.↵
    1. Pizoli CE,
    2. Shah MN,
    3. Snyder AZ,
    4. et al
    . Resting-state activity in development and maintenance of normal brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011;108:11638–43
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  40. 40.↵
    1. Rosazza C,
    2. Minati L
    . Resting-state brain networks: literature review and clinical applications. Neurol Sci 2011;32:773–85.
    CrossRefPubMed
  41. 41.↵
    1. Zhang LJ,
    2. Yang G,
    3. Yin J,
    4. et al
    . Abnormal default-mode network activation in cirrhotic patients: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Acta Radiol 2007;48:781–87
    FREE Full Text
  42. 42.↵
    1. Zhang L,
    2. Qi R,
    3. Wu S,
    4. et al
    . Brain default-mode network abnormalities in hepatic encephalopathy: a resting-state functional MRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 2013:33:1384–92
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

American Journal of Neuroradiology: 34 (4)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 34, Issue 4
1 Apr 2013
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
Advertisement
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Journal of Neuroradiology.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Multimodality MR Imaging Findings of Low-Grade Brain Edema in Hepatic Encephalopathy
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Journal of Neuroradiology
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Journal of Neuroradiology web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Cite this article
L.J. Zhang, J. Zhong, G.M. Lu
Multimodality MR Imaging Findings of Low-Grade Brain Edema in Hepatic Encephalopathy
American Journal of Neuroradiology Apr 2013, 34 (4) 707-715; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A2968

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
0 Responses
Respond to this article
Share
Bookmark this article
Multimodality MR Imaging Findings of Low-Grade Brain Edema in Hepatic Encephalopathy
L.J. Zhang, J. Zhong, G.M. Lu
American Journal of Neuroradiology Apr 2013, 34 (4) 707-715; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A2968
del.icio.us logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Purchase

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • ABBREVIATIONS:
    • Clinical Features of HE
    • Low-Grade Brain Edema and HE
    • Qualitative and Quantitative MR Imaging of Brain Edema in HE
    • Perspective
    • Conclusions
    • Acknowledgments
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • Responses
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Crossref (39)
  • Google Scholar

This article has been cited by the following articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.

  • Enhancement of functional connectivity, working memory and inhibitory control on multi-modal brain MR imaging with Rifaximin in Cirrhosis: Implications for the gut-liver-brain axis
    Vishwadeep Ahluwalia, James B. Wade, Douglas M. Heuman, Thomas A. Hammeke, Arun J. Sanyal, Richard K. Sterling, R. Todd Stravitz, Velimir Luketic, Mohammad S. Siddiqui, Puneet Puri, Michael Fuchs, Micheal J. Lennon, Kenneth A. Kraft, HoChong Gilles, Melanie B. White, Nicole A. Noble, Jasmohan S. Bajaj
    Metabolic Brain Disease 2014 29 4
  • Shunt-Induced Hepatic Encephalopathy in TIPS: Current Approaches and Clinical Challenges
    Philipp Schindler, Hauke Heinzow, Jonel Trebicka, Moritz Wildgruber
    Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020 9 11
  • Dural arteriovenous fistula-induced thalamic dementia: report of 4 cases
    Terrence F. Holekamp, Matthew E. Mollman, Rory K. J. Murphy, Grant R. Kolar, Neha M. Kramer, Colin P. Derdeyn, Christopher J. Moran, Richard J. Perrin, Keith M. Rich, Giuseppe Lanzino, Gregory J. Zipfel
    Journal of Neurosurgery 2016 124 6
  • Grey and white matter abnormalities in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a study combining voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics
    Rongfeng Qi, Long Jiang Zhang, Jianhui Zhong, Tong Zhu, Zhiqiang Zhang, Chuanjian Xu, Gang Zheng, Guang Ming Lu
    European Radiology 2013 23 12
  • Minimal hepatic encephalopathy in children with liver cirrhosis: diffusion-weighted MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopy of the brain
    Ahmed Abdel Khalek Abdel Razek, Ahmed Abdalla, Amany Ezzat, Ahmed Megahed, Tarek Barakat
    Neuroradiology 2014 56 10
  • Diffuse Interstitial Brain Edema in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis
    Xiang Kong, Ji-qiu Wen, Rong-feng Qi, Song Luo, Jian-hui Zhong, Hui-juan Chen, Gong-jun Ji, Guang Ming Lu, Long Jiang Zhang
    Medicine 2014 93 28
  • Neurologic Manifestations of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cirrhosis
    Binit Sureka, Kalpana Bansal, Yashwant Patidar, S. Rajesh, Amar Mukund, Ankur Arora
    Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology 2015 44 5
  • EEG Abnormalities Are Associated With Increased Risk of Transplant or Poor Outcome in Children With Acute Liver Failure
    Elora Hussain, Michele Grimason, Joshua Goldstein, Craig M. Smith, Estella Alonso, Peter F. Whitington, Mark S. Wainwright
    Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 2014 58 4
  • Disrupted small world networks in patients without overt hepatic encephalopathy: A resting state fMRI study
    Long Jiang Zhang, Gang Zheng, Liping Zhang, Jianhui Zhong, Qiang Li, Tie Zhu Zhao, Guang Ming Lu
    European Journal of Radiology 2014 83 10
  • Myoinositol as a Biomarker in Recurrent Glioblastoma Treated with Bevacizumab: A 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study
    Eike Steidl, Ulrich Pilatus, Elke Hattingen, Joachim P. Steinbach, Friedhelm Zanella, Michael W. Ronellenfitsch, Oliver Bähr, Han-Chiao Isaac Chen
    PLOS ONE 2016 11 12

More in this TOC Section

  • Ultra-High-Field MR Neuroimaging
  • Mechanisms of Healing in Coiled Intracranial Aneurysms: A Review of the Literature
  • Armies of Pestilence: CNS Infections as Potential Weapons of Mass Destruction
Show more Review Articles

Similar Articles

Advertisement

Indexed Content

  • Current Issue
  • Accepted Manuscripts
  • Article Preview
  • Past Issues
  • Editorials
  • Editors Choice
  • Fellow Journal Club
  • Letters to the Editor

Cases

  • Case Collection
  • Archive - Case of the Week
  • Archive - Case of the Month
  • Archive - Classic Case

Special Collections

  • Special Collections

Resources

  • News and Updates
  • Turn around Times
  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Author Policies
  • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
  • Evidence-Based Medicine Level Guide
  • Publishing Checklists
  • Graphical Abstract Preparation
  • Imaging Protocol Submission
  • Submit a Case
  • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
  • Get Peer Review Credit from Publons

Multimedia

  • AJNR Podcast
  • AJNR SCANtastic
  • Video Articles

About Us

  • About AJNR
  • Editorial Board
  • Not an AJNR Subscriber? Join Now
  • Alerts
  • Feedback
  • Advertise with us
  • Librarian Resources
  • Permissions
  • Terms and Conditions

American Society of Neuroradiology

  • Not an ASNR Member? Join Now

© 2025 by the American Society of Neuroradiology All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.
Print ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 1936-959X

Powered by HighWire