CT Brain Perfusion Protocol to Eliminate the Need for Selecting a Venous Output Function

REFERENCES

1. 1.↵
   1. Klotz E,
   2. Konig M

   . Perfusion measurements of the brain: using dynamic CT for the quantitative assessment of cerebral ischemia in acute stroke. Eur J Radiol 1999;30:170–84

   CrossRefPubMed
2. 2.↵
   1. Mayer TE,
   2. Hamann GF,
   3. Baranczyk J,
   4. et al

   . Dynamic CT perfusion imaging of acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:1441–49

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
3. 3.↵
   1. Wintermark M,
   2. Smith WS,
   3. Ko NU,
   4. et al

   . Dynamic perfusion CT: optimizing the temporal resolution and contrast volume for calculation of perfusion CT parameters in stroke patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004;25:720–29

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
4. 4.↵
   1. Axel L

   . Cerebral blood flow determination by rapid-sequence computed tomography: theoretical analysis. Radiology 1980;137:679–86

   PubMedWeb of Science
5. 5.↵
   1. Axel L

   . A method of calculating brain blood flow with a CT dynamic scanner. Adv Neurol 1981;30:67–71

   PubMed
6. 6.↵
   1. Lev MH,
   2. Segal AZ,
   3. Farkas J,
   4. et al

   . Utility of perfusion-weighted CT imaging in acute middle cerebral artery stroke treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis: prediction of final infarct volume and clinical outcome. Stroke 2001;32:2021–28

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
7. 7.↵
   1. Schaefer PW,
   2. Barak ER,
   3. Kamalian S,
   4. et al

   . Quantitative assessment of core/penumbra mismatch in acute stroke CT and MR perfusion imaging are strongly correlated when sufficient brain volume is imaged. Stroke 2008;39:2986–92

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
8. 8.↵
   1. Kamalian S,
   2. Kamalian S,
   3. Konstas AA,
   4. et al

   . CT perfusion mean transit time maps optimally distinguish benign oligemia from true “at-risk” ischemic penumbra, but thresholds vary by postprocessing technique. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012;33:545–49

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
9. 9.↵
   1. Wintermark M,
   2. Flanders AE,
   3. Velthuis B,
   4. et al

   . Perfusion-CT assessment of infarct core and penumbra: receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in 130 patients suspected of acute hemispheric stroke. Stroke 2006;37:979–85

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
10. 10.↵
    1. Kalender WA

    . Computed Tomography. Fundamentals, System Technology, Image Quality, Applications. New York: Wiley; 2000
11. 11.↵
    1. Barrett JF,
    2. Keat N

    . Artifacts in CT: recognition and avoidance. Radiographics 2004;24:1679–91

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
12. 12.↵
    1. Prokop M,
    2. Galanski M

    . Spiral and Multislice Computed Tomography of the Body. New York: Thieme; 2003
13. 13.↵
    1. Cianfoni A,
    2. Colosimo C,
    3. Basile M,
    4. et al

    . Brain perfusion CT: principles, technique and clinical applications. Radiol Med 2007;112:1225–43

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
14. 14.↵
    1. Wintermark M,
    2. Reichhart M,
    3. Thiran JP,
    4. et al

    . Prognostic accuracy of cerebral blood flow measurement by perfusion computed tomography, at the time of emergency room admission, in acute stroke patients. Ann Neurol 2002;51:417–32

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
15. 15.↵
    1. Kudo K,
    2. Sasaki M,
    3. Ogasawara K,
    4. et al

    . Difference in tracer delay-induced effect among deconvolution algorithms in CT perfusion analysis: quantitative evaluation with digital phantoms. Radiology 2009;251:241–49

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
16. 16.↵
    1. Wintermark M,
    2. Albers GW,
    3. Alexandrov AV,
    4. et al

    . Acute stroke imaging research roadmap. Stroke 2008;39:1621–28

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
17. 17.↵
    1. van der Schaaf I,
    2. Vonken EJ,
    3. Waaijer A,
    4. et al

    . Influence of partial volume on venous output and arterial input function. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006;27:46–50

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
18. 18.↵
    1. Cuenod CA,
    2. Miles KA

    1. Lee T,
    2. Stewart E

    . Scientific basis and validation. In: Cuenod CA, Miles KA, eds. Multidetector Computed Tomography in Oncology: CT Perfusion Imaging. London, UK: Informa Healthcare; 2007:15–46
19. 19.↵
    1. Aviv RI,
    2. d'Esterre CD,
    3. Murphy BD,
    4. et al

    . Hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke: prediction with CT perfusion. Radiology 2009;250:867–77

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. 20.↵
    1. Konstas AA,
    2. Goldmakher GV,
    3. Lee TY,
    4. et al

    . Theoretic basis and technical implementations of CT perfusion in acute ischemic stroke. Part 2. Technical implementations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009;30:885–92

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
21. 21.↵
    1. Riordan AJ,
    2. Prokop M,
    3. Viergever MA,
    4. et al

    . Validation of CT brain perfusion methods using a realistic dynamic head phantom. Med Phys 2011;38:3212–21

    CrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    1. Dale AM,
    2. Fischl B,
    3. Sereno MI

    . Cortical surface-based analysis. I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction. Neuroimage 1999;9:179–94

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
23. 23.↵
    1. Koopmans PJ,
    2. Manniesing R,
    3. Niessen WJ,
    4. et al

    . MR venography of the human brain using susceptibility weighted imaging at very high field strength. MAGMA 2008;21:149–58

    CrossRefPubMed
24. 24.↵
    1. Bushberg J,
    2. Seibert J,
    3. Leidholdt E,
    4. et al

    . The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2002
25. 25.↵
    1. Hoffmann KR,
    2. Nazareth DP,
    3. Miskolczi L,
    4. et al

    . Vessel size measurements in angiograms: a comparison of techniques. Med Phys 2002;29:1622–33

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
26. 26.↵
    1. Tang C,
    2. Blatter DD,
    3. Parker DL

    . Accuracy of phase-contrast flow measurements in the presence of partial-volume effects. J Magn Reson Imaging 1993;3:377–85

    PubMedWeb of Science
27. 27.↵
    1. Lapin GD,
    2. Allen CV,
    3. Groothuis DR

    . Noninvasive measurement of arterial blood-plasma concentration of iodinated contrast agents from CT scans of human brain. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1994;18:363–69

    PubMed
28. 28.↵
    1. Mchedlishvili G,
    2. Varazashvili M,
    3. Kumsishvili T,
    4. et al

    . Regional hematocrit changes related to blood flow conditions in the arterial bed. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2003;29:71–79

    PubMed
29. 29.↵
    1. Aspelin P

    . Effect of ionic and nonionic contrast-media on whole-blood viscosity. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh) 1978;19:977–89

    PubMed