Decreased Infarct Volume and Intracranial Hemorrhage Associated with Intra-Arterial Nonionic Iso-Osmolar Contrast Material in an MCA Occlusion/Reperfusion Model

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Fig 1.
T2WI (A1, B1, C1) and DWI (A2, B2, C2) of 3 different rats at 24 hours after ischemia, corresponding to the iodixanol (A1, A2), iopamidol (B1, B2), and saline (C1, C2) groups, show decreased infarcted volume in the iodixanol group compared with iopamidol and saline groups.
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Fig 2.
Boxplot analysis of absolute infarct volume per group and at 2 different times after ischemia (6 hours and 24 hours). There is increased volume of infarct in the iopamidol and saline groups compared with the iodixanol group.
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Fig 3.
Hemorrhagic transformation on sample animals. A, Iodixanol group. B, Iopamidol group. C, Saline group. Note the small amount of hemorrhage in the iodixanol rat (arrows in A) compared with larger areas in the other 2 animals (arrows in B and C).
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Fig 4.
Scatterplot shows positive linear correlation between infarct volume and hemorrhagic transformation in all groups. The correlation is mild (r = 0.415), and in some cases, large infarct volumes were not associated with large hemorrhagic areas.

Table 1:

Absolute and relative infarct volumes at 6 and 24 hours after ischemia

Group	Relative Infarct Volume (% Total Brain)		Absolute Infarct Volume: T2WI (mm³)		Absolute Infarct Volume: DWI (mm³)
Group	6 hours	24 hours	6 hours	24 hours	6 hours	24 hours
Iodixanol	16.4 ± 6 (n = 9)	22.7 ± 10 (n = 8)	242 ± 89 (n = 9)	341 ± 147 (n = 8)	208 ± 90 (n = 7)	328 ± 144 (n = 7)
Iopamidol	22.8 ± 5.5 (n = 12)	32 ± 6.3 (n = 10)	324 ± 70 (n = 12)	470 ± 91 (n = 10)	309 ± 49 (n = 10)	438 ± 90 (n = 9)
Saline	24.4 ± 6.2 (n = 9)	32.4 ± 5.5 (n = 6)	345 ± 92 (n = 9)	462 ± 71 (n = 6)	331 ± 103 (n = 8)	468 ± 63 (n = 5)
Statistics (ANOVA)	P < .018	P < .028	P < .03	P < .047	P < .018	n.s.

Table 2:

Incidence and area of cortical and deep intracranial hemorrhage on cut-section inspection

Group	Cortex		Deep (Basal Ganglia)		Total
Group	Incidence^{^b}	Area (mm²)^{^a}	Incidence	Area (mm²)^{^b}	Incidence	Area (mm²)^{^b}
Iodixanol (n = 9)	5 (56%)	0.8 ± 1.5	9 (100%)	28 ± 23	9 (100%)	28.8 ± 23.3
Iopamidol (n = 12)	9 (75%)	18.2 ± 31	12 (100%)	31 ± 24.6	12 (100%)	49.2 ± 50.3
Saline (n = 9)	8 (89%)	25.7 ± 39.7	9 (100%)	56.7 ± 29.3	9 (100%)	82.5 ± 62.7