Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Frontal and lateral projection views of left ICA injection, depicting Fischer ICA nomenclature, including relevant osseous and branch relationships.
- Fig 2.
Gibo classification. The C4 supraclinoid segment is subdivided into ophthalmic, communicating, and choroidal subsegments.
- Fig 3.
Bouthillier classification.
- Fig 4.
Ziyal classification.
- Fig 5.
Lasjaunias and Santoyo-Vazquez, embryology-based classification.
- Fig 6.
Proposed classification.
- Fig 7.
Frontal, transorbital (upper left image), and lateral views of 3 petrous segment aneurysms, demonstrating their extension into the vertical segment above the foramen lacerum, terminating adjacent to the superior margin of the petrous apex (white lines), corresponding to estimated location of the petrolingual ligament.
- Fig 8.
Four fusiform cavernous segment aneurysms, all sparing the proximal vertical subsegment of the cavernous ICA.
- Fig 9.
Three-dimensional DSA, frontal, and lateral projection views of 3 proximal paraophthalmic aneurysms, which would traditionally be considered in the clinoid (1, 2) and cave (3) families. An oblique indentation (arrow) of aneurysm 2 probably defines the dural ring, suggesting intradural extension.
- Fig 10.
Various 3D DSA examples of segmental ICA dysplasia. In traditional classifications, case 1 may be described as 3 separate aneurysms—distal cavernous (or transitional) and superior- and inferior-pointing superior hypophyseal aneurysms. We consider all of these as focal expressions of disease affecting the entire paraophthalmic segment. Case 2 may be considered as a discrete carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm; notice, however, the irregular, expanded morphology of the parent vessel below the “neck.” Case 3—apparently separate clinoid and ophthalmic aneurysms—can also be viewed as segmental dysplasia with a single aneurysm separated by the anterior clinoid process. Case 4 is a giant fusiform aneurysm spanning the entire carotid artery from cavernous to terminus segments.
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